Munzing D, Mattrey R F, Reznik V M, Mitten R M, Peterson T
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego.
Kidney Int. 1991 Apr;39(4):733-9. doi: 10.1038/ki.1991.89.
Perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) enhances the echogenicity of perfused tissues on sonography. Since PFOB is not filtered and is limited to the intravascular space, the particles are concentrated in the vasa rectae as they travel across the osmotic gradient. Because sonography has been unable to detect renal function, we aimed to determine whether sonography when aided by PFOB could detect and distinguish the normal from the abnormal osmotic gradient. The sonographer, unaware of rabbit assignment, imaged both kidneys in 17 rabbits before and 24 hours after the temporary occlusion of one of the renal arteries and then again after the infusion of up to 5 ml/kg of PFOB (N = 10) or saline (N = 7). Two normal rabbits were imaged before and after PFOB infusion and then again after i.v. furosemide. Without PFOB, the normal and impaired kidneys were indistinguishable. The echogenicity of the medulla which was darker than cortex in normal kidneys became brighter than cortex after PFOB (increased by 117% +/- 10%; P less than 0.01). PFOB, which was visible in the renal medulla on real-time sonography, produced an echogenic gradient that increased in brightness towards the papillary tip. Because the medulla of kidneys with ATN mildly increased in brightness after PFOB (increased by 40% +/- 7.8%; P less than 0.01), and because the echogenic gradient produced by PFOB was reversed (decreased in brightness towards the papillary tip), ATN kidneys were distinguished from normal kidneys in all 10 rabbits after 2.5 ml/kg PFOB. Medullary echogenicity produced by PFOB in normal kidneys was lost after furosemide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
全氟辛基溴（PFOB）可增强超声检查时灌注组织的回声。由于PFOB不会被滤过且局限于血管内空间，其颗粒在跨越渗透梯度移动时会在直小血管中聚集。因为超声检查一直无法检测肾功能，我们旨在确定在PFOB辅助下超声检查能否检测并区分正常与异常的渗透梯度。超声检查者在不知兔子分组的情况下，对17只兔子的双肾进行成像，分别在一侧肾动脉暂时阻断前、阻断后24小时，以及输注高达5 ml/kg的PFOB（n = 10）或生理盐水（n = 7）后再次成像。对2只正常兔子在PFOB输注前后以及静脉注射呋塞米后再次成像。未使用PFOB时，正常肾和受损肾无法区分。正常肾中比皮质暗的髓质在使用PFOB后变得比皮质亮（增加了117%±10%；P<0.01）。在实时超声检查中可见于肾髓质的PFOB产生了一个朝向乳头尖亮度增加的回声梯度。因为急性肾小管坏死（ATN）肾的髓质在使用PFOB后亮度轻度增加（增加了40%±7.8%；P<0.01），且因为PFOB产生的回声梯度发生了反转（朝向乳头尖亮度降低），在输注2.5 ml/kg PFOB后，所有10只兔子的ATN肾都与正常肾区分开来。呋塞米注射后，PFOB在正常肾中产生的髓质回声消失。（摘要截取自250词）
