RDN Associates, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2010 Sep;46(1-2):49-59. doi: 10.1007/s10464-010-9326-9.
This study examines changes in the characteristics of the homeless population before and after a period of extended economic expansion (1992-2002). Data from other sources suggest that, during this 10-year period, the size of the overall population of homeless persons may have declined slightly, though not significantly, both in the city studied and nationally. In-depth surveys of representative samples of homeless adults (N = 249 in 1992-94; N = 220 in 2000-2002) revealed significant differences in the composition of the homeless population across the time period, consistent with queuing theory. Persons experiencing homelessness after the expansion appeared to be a more "chronic," less readily employable population than those interviewed at the start of the expansion: Those interviewed after were older, spent more time living on the streets, had more health symptoms, were more likely to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and had more restricted social networks and social support. Policy, research, and service provision implications of the findings are discussed.
本研究考察了在一段经济扩张期(1992-2002 年)前后,无家可归者人群特征的变化。其他来源的数据表明,在这 10 年期间,研究城市和全国范围内无家可归者的总体人口数量可能略有下降,但并不显著。对无家可归成年代表样本人群(1992-94 年为 249 人;2000-2002 年为 220 人)的深入调查显示,无家可归人群的构成在整个时期存在显著差异,这与排队理论一致。在扩张之后经历无家可归的人似乎比在扩张开始时接受采访的人更加“慢性”,更难以就业:接受采访的人年龄更大,在街上生活的时间更长,有更多的健康症状,更有可能被诊断为精神分裂症,社交网络和社会支持也更受限制。讨论了这些发现对政策、研究和服务提供的影响。