Drakos Mark C, Hillstrom Howard, Voos James E, Miller Anna N, Kraszewski Andrew P, Wickiewicz Thomas L, Warren Russell F, Allen Answorth A, O'Brien Stephen J
Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
J Biomech Eng. 2010 Jan;132(1):011003. doi: 10.1115/1.4000118.
The shoe-surface interface has been implicated as a possible risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The purpose of this study is to develop a biomechanical, cadaveric model to evaluate the effect of various shoe-surface interfaces on ACL strain. There will be a significant difference in ACL strain between different shoe-surface combinations when a standardized rotational moment (a simulated cutting movement) is applied to an axially loaded lower extremity. The study design was a controlled laboratory study. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were thawed and the femurs were potted with the knee in 30 deg of flexion. Each specimen was placed in a custom-made testing apparatus, which allowed axial loading and tibial rotation but prevented femoral rotation. For each specimen, a 500 N axial load and a 1.5 Nm internal rotation moment were placed for four different shoe-surface combinations: group I (AstroTurf-turf shoes), group II (modern playing turf-turf shoes), group III (modern playing turf-cleats), and group IV (natural grass-cleats). Maximum strain, initial axial force and moment, and maximum axial force and moment were calculated by a strain gauge and a six component force plate. The preliminary trials confirmed a linear relationship between strain and both the moment and the axial force for our testing configuration. In the experimental trials, the average maximum strain was 3.90, 3.19, 3.14, and 2.16 for groups I-IV, respectively. Group IV had significantly less maximum strain (p<0.05) than each of the other groups. This model can reproducibly create a detectable strain in the anteromedial bundle of the ACL in response to a given axial load and internal rotation moment. Within the elastic range of the stress-strain curve, the natural grass and cleat combination produced less strain in the ACL than the other combinations. The favorable biomechanical properties of the cleat-grass interface may result in fewer noncontact ACL injuries.
鞋与地面的接触面被认为是前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的一个潜在风险因素。本研究的目的是建立一个生物力学尸体模型，以评估不同鞋与地面接触面组合对ACL应变的影响。当对轴向加载的下肢施加标准化旋转力矩（模拟切入动作）时，不同鞋与地面组合之间的ACL应变将存在显著差异。本研究设计为对照实验室研究。解冻8个新鲜冷冻的尸体下肢，并将股骨固定，使膝关节处于30度屈曲位。每个标本被放置在一个定制的测试装置中，该装置允许轴向加载和胫骨旋转，但防止股骨旋转。对于每个标本，针对四种不同的鞋与地面组合施加500 N的轴向载荷和1.5 Nm的内旋力矩：第一组（人造草皮-草皮鞋）、第二组（现代运动草皮-草皮鞋）、第三组（现代运动草皮-防滑钉鞋）和第四组（天然草皮-防滑钉鞋）。通过应变片和六分量测力板计算最大应变、初始轴向力和力矩以及最大轴向力和力矩。初步试验证实了在我们的测试配置中，应变与力矩和轴向力之间存在线性关系。在实验试验中，第一至四组的平均最大应变分别为3.90、3.19、3.14和2.16。第四组的最大应变明显低于其他各组（p<0.05）。该模型能够在给定的轴向载荷和内旋力矩作用下，在前交叉韧带的前内侧束中可重复地产生可检测到的应变。在应力-应变曲线的弹性范围内，天然草皮与防滑钉的组合在前交叉韧带中产生的应变比其他组合小。防滑钉-草皮界面良好的生物力学特性可能导致非接触性前交叉韧带损伤减少。
