Inserm U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Jun;4(3):339-48. doi: 10.1586/ers.10.25.
Given that TB still constitutes a tremendous public health problem at the start of the 21st Century, it may come as a surprise that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), developed nearly 100 years ago, is today still the only vaccine available against TB. Owing to its limited efficiency in controlling TB, much effort has been deployed to develop new, improved vaccines, with initial preclinical models showing encouraging results. However, since most individuals worldwide have been vaccinated with BCG, new vaccine developments have to be placed in that context. Consequently, several approaches explore the heterologous prime-boost strategy. In this strategy, BCG-primed immunity will be strengthened or prolonged by the administration of antigens present in BCG but formulated in a different manner; either as purified antigens in the presence of appropriate adjuvants, as DNA vaccines or as viral-encoded mycobacterial antigens.
鉴于结核病在 21 世纪初仍然是一个巨大的公共卫生问题，可能会让人感到惊讶的是，近 100 年前开发的卡介苗（BCG）至今仍是唯一可用的结核病疫苗。由于其在控制结核病方面的效率有限，人们付出了大量努力来开发新的、改良的疫苗，初步的临床前模型显示出了令人鼓舞的结果。然而，由于世界上大多数人都接种了卡介苗，因此新疫苗的开发必须考虑到这一情况。因此，几种方法都探索了异源初免-加强策略。在这种策略中，通过给予卡介苗中存在但以不同方式配制的抗原，可以增强或延长卡介苗引发的免疫反应；这些抗原可以作为含有适当佐剂的纯化抗原、DNA 疫苗或病毒编码的分枝杆菌抗原。
