Department of Child Health,University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2011 Sep;96(5):F378-82. doi: 10.1136/adc.2009.170928. Epub 2010 Jun 7.
In many industrialised countries, one in five women booking for antenatal care is obese. As well as affecting maternal health, maternal obesity may have important adverse consequences for fetal, neonatal and long-term health and well-being. Maternal obesity is associated with a higher risk of stillbirth, elective preterm birth and perinatal mortality. The incidence of severe birth defects, particularly neural tube and structural cardiac defects, appears to be higher in infants of obese mothers. Fetal macrosomia associated with maternal obesity and gestational diabetes predisposes infants to birth injuries, perinatal asphyxia and transitional problems such as neonatal respiratory distress and metabolic instability. Maternal obesity may also result in long-term health problems for offspring secondary to perinatal problems and to intrauterine and postnatal programming effects. Currently, the available interventions to prevent and treat maternal obesity are of limited proven utility and further research is needed to define the effects of maternal weight management interventions on fetal and neonatal outcomes.
在许多工业化国家，每五个预约产前护理的妇女中就有一个肥胖。肥胖不仅会影响产妇的健康，还可能对胎儿、新生儿和长期健康和幸福感产生重要的不利影响。肥胖的母亲更有可能出现死胎、选择性早产和围产期死亡的风险。与肥胖母亲相关的严重出生缺陷，特别是神经管和结构性心脏缺陷的发生率似乎更高。与肥胖和妊娠糖尿病相关的胎儿巨大儿会使婴儿更容易受到出生损伤、围产期窒息和过渡性问题（如新生儿呼吸窘迫和代谢不稳定）的影响。肥胖的母亲还可能因围产期问题和宫内及产后编程效应而导致后代长期健康问题。目前，预防和治疗肥胖的现有干预措施的效果有限，需要进一步研究来确定母亲体重管理干预对胎儿和新生儿结局的影响。
