Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
PLoS Biol. 2010 Jun 1;8(6):e1000386. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000386.
During development, the Drosophila wing primordium undergoes a dramatic increase in cell number and mass under the control of the long-range morphogens Wingless (Wg, a Wnt) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp, a BMP). This process depends in part on the capacity of wing cells to recruit neighboring, non-wing cells into the wing primordium. Wing cells are defined by activity of the selector gene vestigial (vg) and recruitment entails the production of a vg-dependent "feed-forward signal" that acts together with morphogen to induce vg expression in neighboring non-wing cells. Here, we identify the protocadherins Fat (Ft) and Dachsous (Ds), the Warts-Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, and the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie (Yki, a YES associated protein, or YAP) as components of the feed-forward signaling mechanism, and we show how this mechanism promotes wing growth in response to Wg. We find that vg generates the feed-forward signal by creating a steep differential in Ft-Ds signaling between wing and non-wing cells. This differential down-regulates Warts-Hippo pathway activity in non-wing cells, leading to a burst of Yki activity and the induction of vg in response to Wg. We posit that Wg propels wing growth at least in part by fueling a wave front of Ft-Ds signaling that propagates vg expression from one cell to the next.
在发育过程中,果蝇翅膀原基在长距离形态发生因子 Wingless(Wg,一种 Wnt)和 Decapentaplegic(Dpp,一种 BMP)的控制下经历了细胞数量和质量的显著增加。这个过程部分依赖于翅膀细胞招募相邻的非翅膀细胞进入翅膀原基的能力。翅膀细胞由选择性基因 vestigial(vg)的活性定义,招募需要产生一种依赖于 vg 的“前馈信号”,该信号与形态发生因子一起诱导相邻非翅膀细胞中 vg 的表达。在这里,我们确定了原钙粘蛋白 Fat(Ft)和 Dachsous(Ds)、Warts-Hippo 肿瘤抑制途径以及转录共激活因子 Yorkie(Yki,一种与 YES 相关的蛋白或 YAP)是前馈信号机制的组成部分,并展示了这种机制如何响应 Wg 促进翅膀生长。我们发现,vg 通过在翅膀和非翅膀细胞之间产生 Ft-Ds 信号的陡峭差异来产生前馈信号。这种差异下调了非翅膀细胞中的 Warts-Hippo 途径活性,导致 Yki 活性的爆发和对 Wg 的 vg 诱导。我们推测,Wg 至少部分通过推动 Ft-Ds 信号的波前来推动翅膀生长,该波前从前一个细胞传播到下一个细胞,从而传播 vg 的表达。