School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Jul;66(7):773-8. doi: 10.1002/ps.1941.
Testing the compatibility of chemical pesticides and fungal biocontrol agents is necessary if these two agents are to be applied together in the integrated management of plant pests and diseases. In this study, the fungicides azoxystrobin (a strobilurin) and flutriafol (a triazole) were tested in vitro for their effects on germination of conidia and mycelial growth of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and in bioassay for their effect on fungal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch. The fungicides were tested at three different concentrations [recommended rate for field use (1 x X) and the dilutions 10(-1)x X and 10(-2)x X].
Flutriafol inhibited growth of mycelia and germination of the fungal conidia at all concentrations tested in vitro, and also reduced the efficacy of B. bassiana in bioassays against mites. The inhibitive effect of azoxystrobin in vitro varied with the concentration applied. A significant effect was observed at 1 x X and 10(-1)x X concentrations on both the germination of conidia and mycelia growth. At 10(-2)x X concentration, azoxystrobin showed little effect on B. bassiana. However, when this fungicide was tested in bioassays, none of the concentrations reduced B. bassiana activity against mites.
Azoxystrobin was most compatible with B. bassiana, while flutriafol was the most harmful. Further studies are required to confirm the negative effect of flutriafol on B. bassiana activity.
如果要将化学农药和真菌生物防治剂一起应用于植物病虫害的综合管理，就需要测试这两种药剂的兼容性。在这项研究中，我们测试了杀菌剂唑菌胺酯（一种 strobilurin）和氟环唑（一种三唑）对球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana（Bals.）Vuill.）分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长的体外影响，并通过生物测定测试了它们对红蜘蛛（Tetranychus urticae Koch.）真菌活性的影响。杀菌剂在三种不同浓度下进行了测试[田间推荐使用浓度（1 x X）和稀释 10(-1)x X 和 10(-2)x X]。
氟环唑在体外测试的所有浓度下均抑制了菌丝生长和真菌分生孢子的萌发，并且降低了白僵菌在生物测定中对螨虫的功效。唑菌胺酯在体外的抑制作用随施药浓度而变化。在 1 x X 和 10(-1)x X 浓度下，对分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长均有显著影响。在 10(-2)x X 浓度下，唑菌胺酯对白僵菌影响不大。然而，当这种杀菌剂在生物测定中进行测试时，没有任何浓度降低了白僵菌对螨虫的活性。
唑菌胺酯与白僵菌最相容，而氟环唑则最具危害性。需要进一步研究以确认氟环唑对白僵菌活性的负面影响。
