Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2010 Jun;56(3):207-12. doi: 10.3109/19396361003653311.
In the human, canonical histones are largely replaced by protamine 1 (P1) and protamine 2 (P2) during late spermatogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal replacement of the histones is associated with severe male infertility and has profound implications for early embryogenesis. In this review the hispid cotton rat and the common marmoset are evaluated as animal models for the study of chromatin packaging in sperm. The DNA sequences of protamine 1 and protamine 2 in the cotton rat are also reported. We have found that the P1 and P2 genes share a 64% and 56% amino acid identity with human, respectively. The hispid cotton rat expresses both protamines, has a similar P1:P2 ratio, and a gene sequence homologous to human, thus making it a possible model organism for chromatin studies. The common marmoset also expresses both protamine genes and has a very similar spermatogenetic characteristic to man. This review considers both animals as possible models to study the mechanisms of protamine regulation and the effects of altered expression caused by environmental or physiological perturbations.
在人类中，在晚期精子发生过程中，典型的组蛋白主要被鱼精蛋白 1（P1）和鱼精蛋白 2（P2）所取代。最近的研究表明，组蛋白的异常替代与严重的男性不育有关，并对早期胚胎发生有深远的影响。在这篇综述中，我们评估了卷毛棉鼠和普通狨猴作为研究精子染色质包装的动物模型。还报告了棉鼠中鱼精蛋白 1 和鱼精蛋白 2 的 DNA 序列。我们发现，P1 和 P2 基因分别与人类具有 64%和 56%的氨基酸同一性。卷毛棉鼠表达两种鱼精蛋白，具有相似的 P1:P2 比例，并且与人类具有同源基因序列，因此成为染色质研究的可能模式生物。普通狨猴也表达两种鱼精蛋白基因，并且与人类的精子发生特征非常相似。本综述认为这两种动物都是研究鱼精蛋白调节机制以及环境或生理干扰引起的表达改变的可能模型。
