Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48207, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Sep 1;111(1-2):64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.020. Epub 2010 May 26.
This study investigated the extent to which hydromorphone (HYD) choice and behavioral economic demand differed during experimental analogs of Unemployment (Drug Only: HYD and no money alternative), Employment (Drug or Money: HYD and $4 alternative), and Punishment (Drug Only+Money Loss: HYD only and $4 subtracted for each HYD choice), in the context of anticipated high vs. low post-session drug availability (HYD 24 mg vs. placebo). Eleven heroin-dependent, buprenorphine-stabilized (8 mg/day) volunteers first sampled two HYD doses (0 and 24 mg IM in randomized, counterbalanced order, labeled Drug A [session 1] and Drug B [session 2]). In each of the final six sessions, volunteers were given access to a 12-trial choice progressive ratio (PR) task and could work to receive HYD unit doses (2mg each); cumulative dose units earned were administered in a bolus injection after the work session. Before the PR task, volunteers were told which HYD dose (Drug A or B) would be available 3h after the PR-contingent injection. Relative to Unemployment (Drug Only), Employment (Drug or Money) and Punishment (Drug Only+Money Loss) each significantly suppressed HYD seeking (e.g., breakpoints). Employment and Punishment also reduced HYD behavioral economic demand, but via different mechanisms: Employment increased HYD price-elasticity, whereas Punishment decreased HYD demand intensity. Adjusting for the initial level difference (i.e., normalized demand), Employment significantly decreased P(max) (i.e., lower "essential value" of HYD) and O(max) (maximum HYD responding) compared to Punishment or Unemployment. These effects were not significantly altered by post-session drug availability.
本研究考察了氢吗啡酮（HYD）的选择和行为经济学需求在实验模拟失业（药物仅：HYD 和无钱替代）、就业（药物或金钱：HYD 和 4 美元替代）和惩罚（药物仅+金钱损失：HYD 仅和每选择一次 HYD 减去 4 美元）期间的差异，同时考虑了预期的高与低治疗后药物可获得性（HYD 24 毫克与安慰剂）。11 名海洛因依赖、丁丙诺啡稳定（8 毫克/天）的志愿者首先随机、平衡地接受两种 HYD 剂量（0 和 24 毫克 IM，分别标记为药物 A[第 1 次治疗]和药物 B[第 2 次治疗]）。在最后六次治疗中的每一次，志愿者都可以进行 12 次试验的递增比例（PR）任务，并可以努力获得 HYD 单位剂量（每次 2 毫克）；在工作治疗结束后，通过推注注射给予累积剂量单位。在 PR 任务之前，志愿者被告知在 PR 相关注射后 3 小时将提供哪种 HYD 剂量（药物 A 或 B）。与失业（药物仅）相比，就业（药物或金钱）和惩罚（药物仅+金钱损失）都显著抑制了 HYD 的寻求（例如，断点）。就业和惩罚也降低了 HYD 的行为经济学需求，但通过不同的机制：就业增加了 HYD 的价格弹性，而惩罚降低了 HYD 的需求强度。在调整初始水平差异（即，归一化需求）后，与惩罚或失业相比，就业显著降低了 P(max)（即 HYD 的“基本价值”降低）和 O(max)（最大 HYD 反应）。这些效应不受治疗后药物可获得性的影响。
