Albert J, Yip G L
Appl Opt. 1988 Dec 1;27(23):4837-43. doi: 10.1364/AO.27.004837.
Methods of reducing the insertion loss between single-mode fibers and graded-index channel waveguides, namely, annealing and backdiffusion, are analyzed theoretically and compared. Mode mismatch and misalignment losses are calculated to determine the best method and the optimal conditions for their use. The main result of this paper is that, in the single-mode regime, there is no apparent advantage in using backdiffusion instead of the simpler annealing process, in contrast with the multimode case. In the coupling loss calculation, a numerical simulation of waveguide formation by potassium-sodium ion exchange in glass is used for illustration.
分析并比较了降低单模光纤与渐变折射率通道波导之间插入损耗的方法，即退火和反向扩散。计算了模式失配和对准损耗，以确定最佳方法及其使用的最佳条件。本文的主要结果是，在单模状态下，与多模情况相比，使用反向扩散而非更简单的退火工艺没有明显优势。在耦合损耗计算中，使用了玻璃中钾钠离子交换形成波导的数值模拟来说明。
