Tsimokha A S
Tsitologiia. 2010;52(4):277-300.
The presented review concerns the structure functional analysis of proteasomes and the participation of ubiquitin proteasome system in the basic cellular processes. 26S proteasomes is a key enzyme of the ubiquitin-dependent pathway of protein degradation in cells. This protein particle is composed of 20S catalytic core and associated regulatory complexes. In addition to several types of peptidase activities, eukaryotic proteasomes also have endoribonuclease, protein-chaperone and DNA-helicase activities. The ubiquitin proteasome system controls the levels of most regulatory proteins in a cell and, thus, is absolutely necessary element for cell life. Proteasomal population in a cell is structurally and functionally heterogeneous. These particles are subjected to multistep regulation, particularly, by set of posttranslation modifications. In this review, we also consider the current knowledge on the involvement of proteasomes in controlling the cell cycle, transcription, apoptosis, differentiation, DNA repair and immune response.
本综述涉及蛋白酶体的结构功能分析以及泛素蛋白酶体系统在基本细胞过程中的参与情况。26S蛋白酶体是细胞中蛋白质降解的泛素依赖性途径的关键酶。这种蛋白质颗粒由20S催化核心和相关的调节复合物组成。除了几种类型的肽酶活性外，真核生物蛋白酶体还具有核糖核酸内切酶、蛋白质伴侣和DNA解旋酶活性。泛素蛋白酶体系统控制细胞中大多数调节蛋白的水平，因此是细胞生命绝对必需的要素。细胞中的蛋白酶体群体在结构和功能上是异质的。这些颗粒受到多步骤调节，特别是通过一系列翻译后修饰。在本综述中，我们还考虑了关于蛋白酶体参与控制细胞周期、转录、凋亡、分化、DNA修复和免疫反应的当前知识。
