University of British Columbia, School of Nursing, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Feb;74(4):506-14. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.057. Epub 2010 May 24.
Severe depression is a known risk factor for suicide, yet worldwide men's suicide rates continue to outnumber reported rates of men's depression. While acknowledging that the pathways to suicide are diverse, and being mindful of the complex challenges inherent to studying suicide, we interviewed men who experienced depression as a means to better understanding the processes they used to counter and contemplate suicide. This novel qualitative study provides insights on how masculine roles, identities and relations mediate depression-related suicidal ideation in a cohort of 38 men in Canada, ranging in age from 24 to 50 years-old. Constant comparative analyses yielded the core category of reconciling despair in which men responded to severe depression and suicidal ideation by following two pathways. To counter suicide actions, connecting with family, peers and health care professionals and/or drawing on religious and moral beliefs were important interim steps for quelling thoughts about suicide and eventually dislocating depression from self-harm. This pathway revealed how connecting with family through masculine protector and father roles enabled men to avoid suicide while positioning help-seeking as a wise, rational action in re-establishing self-control. The other pathway, contemplating escape, rendered men socially isolated and the overuse of alcohol and other drugs were often employed to relieve emotional, mental and physical pain. Rather than providing respite, these risky practices were the gateway to men's heightened vulnerability for nonfatal suicidal behaviour. Men on this pathway embodied solitary and/or risk taker identities synonymous with masculine ideals but juxtaposed nonfatal suicidal behaviours as feminine terrain.
严重的抑郁症是自杀的已知风险因素,但全球男性自杀率仍高于报告的男性抑郁症发病率。虽然承认自杀的途径是多种多样的,并且研究自杀所固有的复杂挑战,但我们采访了经历过抑郁症的男性,以更好地了解他们用来对抗和思考自杀的过程。这项新的定性研究提供了一些见解,说明在加拿大的 38 名年龄在 24 岁至 50 岁之间的男性中,男性角色、身份和关系如何在与抑郁相关的自杀意念中起中介作用。通过对男性角色、身份和关系的探索,发现男性在抑郁相关自杀意念中所扮演的角色和作用。不断的比较分析产生了核心类别,即调和绝望,在这个类别中,男性通过两种途径来应对严重的抑郁和自杀意念。为了抵制自杀行为,与家人、同龄人以及医疗保健专业人员联系,并/或利用宗教和道德信仰,是平息自杀念头并最终将抑郁与自我伤害脱钩的重要中间步骤。这条途径揭示了男性如何通过扮演保护者和父亲的男性角色与家人联系,从而避免自杀,同时将寻求帮助视为重新获得自我控制的明智和理性的行动。另一条途径是考虑逃避,使男性变得孤立无援,过度使用酒精和其他药物常常被用来缓解情感、精神和身体上的痛苦。这些危险的行为并没有提供缓解,而是使男性更容易受到非致命性自杀行为的影响。走这条路的男性体现了孤独和/或冒险者的身份,这些身份与男性理想是一致的,但将非致命性自杀行为视为女性领域。