National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 606, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Apr;175(1-4):531-50. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1549-6. Epub 2010 Jun 12.
This article deals with a systematic hydrochemical study carried out in coastal aquifers, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, to assess groundwater quality. A total of 29 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. Results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), and sulfate (SO₄²⁻) significantly damaged groundwater systems. The degree of salinization due to seawater mixing in a well or a given area could be indicated by an increase in nearly all major cations and anions. Toxic elements (i.e., Pb and As) were higher than the maximum permissible limits of drinking water. Cross plot of HCO₃⁻/Cl- (molar ratios) versus TDS indicated that about 62% of the analyzed samples were saline. Factor analysis showed that groundwaters, affected by seawater intrusion/industrial activity, were separated from the clusters. An attempt was made to identify the hydrochemical processes that accompany current intrusion of seawater using ionic changes. It was estimated that the mixing rate of seawater intrusion was about 5.81% during April 2007. An index, called 'Seawater Mixing Index' (SMI), was also adopted and its value was SMI>1.18 with EC>3,000 μS/cm about 62% of the sampled waters, were saline. Further, a few trace elements (i.e., Sr, B, and Li) were used as indicators for responding to the change in fresh to saline groundwater environments in coastal aquifers.
这篇文章涉及在泰米尔纳德邦 Tuticorin 的沿海含水层中进行的系统水文化学研究，以评估地下水质量。共采集了 29 个地下水样本并进行了分析。结果表明，总溶解固体 (TDS)、钠 (Na+)、镁 (Mg2+)、氯 (Cl-) 和硫酸盐 (SO₄²⁻) 显著破坏了地下水系统。海水混合在一口井或给定区域中导致的盐化程度可以通过几乎所有主要阳离子和阴离子的增加来指示。有毒元素（即 Pb 和 As）高于饮用水的最大允许限值。HCO₃⁻/Cl-（摩尔比）与 TDS 的交叉图表明，约 62%的分析样本为咸水。因子分析表明，受海水入侵/工业活动影响的地下水与聚类分离。尝试使用离子变化来识别当前海水入侵伴随的水文化学过程。据估计，2007 年 4 月海水入侵的混合率约为 5.81%。还采用了一个称为“海水混合指数”（SMI）的指数，其值为 SMI>1.18，EC>3,000 μS/cm，约 62%的采样水为咸水。此外，一些微量元素（即 Sr、B 和 Li）被用作指示沿海含水层中淡水到咸水地下水环境变化的指标。
