Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Memory. 2010 Jul;18(5):486-97. doi: 10.1080/09658211003762092. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
The study aimed to determine if the memory bias for negative faces previously demonstrated in depression and dysphoria generalises from long- to short-term memory. A total of 29 dysphoric (DP) and 22 non-dysphoric (ND) participants were presented with a series of faces and asked to identify the emotion portrayed (happiness, sadness, anger, or neutral affect). Following a delay, four faces were presented (the original plus three distractors) and participants were asked to identify the target face. Half of the trials assessed memory for facial emotion, and the remaining trials examined memory for facial identity. At encoding, no group differences were apparent. At memory testing, relative to ND participants, DP participants exhibited impaired memory for all types of facial emotion and for facial identity when the faces featured happiness, anger, or neutral affect, but not sadness. DP participants exhibited impaired identity memory for happy faces relative to angry, sad, and neutral, whereas ND participants exhibited enhanced facial identity memory when faces were angry. In general, memory for faces was not related to performance at encoding. However, in DP participants only, memory for sad faces was related to sadness recognition at encoding. The results suggest that the negative memory bias for faces in dysphoria does not generalise from long- to short-term memory.
本研究旨在确定抑郁和心境恶劣患者先前表现出的对负性面孔的记忆偏向是否从长时记忆泛化到短时记忆。共有 29 名心境恶劣（DP）和 22 名非心境恶劣（ND）参与者被呈现一系列面孔，并要求识别所呈现的情绪（快乐、悲伤、愤怒或中性）。在延迟后，呈现四张面孔（原始面孔加三张干扰面孔），并要求参与者识别目标面孔。一半的试验评估了对面部情绪的记忆，其余的试验则评估了对面部身份的记忆。在编码时，两组之间没有明显的差异。在记忆测试中，与 ND 参与者相比，DP 参与者在所有类型的面部情绪和当面孔呈现快乐、愤怒或中性表情时的面部身份记忆方面表现出受损，但在悲伤时则没有。DP 参与者在对快乐的面孔的身份记忆方面表现出受损，而对愤怒、悲伤和中性的面孔的身份记忆则表现出增强，而 ND 参与者在面孔呈现愤怒时表现出增强的面部身份记忆。总的来说，对面孔的记忆与编码时的表现无关。然而，只有在 DP 参与者中，对悲伤面孔的记忆与编码时的悲伤识别有关。结果表明，心境恶劣患者对面孔的负性记忆偏向并没有从长时记忆泛化到短时记忆。
