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复杂的基因型相互作用影响了社会变形虫 D.discoideum 发育阶段的社会适应性。

Complex genotype interactions influence social fitness during the developmental phase of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.

机构信息

Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

出版信息

J Evol Biol. 2010 Aug;23(8):1664-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02032.x. Epub 2010 Jun 7.

Abstract

When individuals interact, phenotypic variation can be partitioned into direct genetic effects (DGEs) of the individuals' own genotypes, indirect genetic effects (IGEs) of their social partners' genotypes and epistatic interactions between the genotypes of interacting individuals ('genotype-by-genotype (GxG) epistasis'). These components can all play important roles in evolutionary processes, but few empirical studies have examined their importance. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum provides an ideal system to measure these effects during social interactions and development. When starved, free-living amoebae aggregate and differentiate into a multicellular fruiting body with a dead stalk that holds aloft viable spores. By measuring interactions among a set of natural strains, we quantify DGEs, IGEs and GxG epistasis affecting spore formation. We find that DGEs explain most of the phenotypic variance (57.6%) whereas IGEs explain a smaller (13.3%) but highly significant component. Interestingly, GxG epistasis explains nearly a quarter of the variance (23.0%), highlighting the complex nature of genotype interactions. These results demonstrate the large impact that social interactions can have on development and suggest that social effects should play an important role in developmental evolution in this system.

摘要

当个体相互作用时,表型变异可以分为个体自身基因型的直接遗传效应(DGEs)、其社交伙伴基因型的间接遗传效应(IGEs)以及相互作用个体基因型之间的上位性相互作用(“基因型间上位性(GxG 互作)”)。这些成分在进化过程中都可能发挥重要作用,但很少有实证研究检验它们的重要性。黏菌盘基网柄菌提供了一个理想的系统,可以在社交互动和发育过程中测量这些效应。当饥饿时,自由生活的变形虫聚集并分化成一个具有死柄的多细胞生殖体,柄上高举着有活力的孢子。通过测量一组天然菌株之间的相互作用,我们量化了影响孢子形成的 DGEs、IGEs 和 GxG 互作。我们发现,DGEs 解释了大部分表型方差(57.6%),而 IGEs 解释了较小(13.3%)但高度显著的部分。有趣的是,GxG 互作解释了近四分之一的方差(23.0%),突出了基因型相互作用的复杂性。这些结果表明社交相互作用对发育有很大影响,并表明在这个系统中,社会效应应该在发育进化中发挥重要作用。

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