Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177. 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
J Food Sci. 2010 May;75(4):E225-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01602.x.
The aim of this study was to design a modified atmosphere packaging suitable for Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum truffles that extend their shelf life and their availability as a fresh product. Their respiration rates were determined by O(2) depletion and CO(2) formation in closed systems performed at different temperatures: 4, 10, and 23 degrees C. The results were fitted by exponential equations and derivatives of these equations were used to obtain the experimental respiration rates. Our results revealed high respiration rates in both species of truffles and respiratory quotients (RQ) higher than 1 in all the cases studied. A linear dependence of respiration rate, both R(O2) and R(CO2), on O(2) concentration was revealed. A mathematical model was used to predict the evolution of the gaseous composition at 4 degrees C in the interior of polypropylene trays (250 mL) heat sealed with 4 microperforated films of different transmission rates. A microperforated film with 2 holes (90 x 50 microm) was selected to produce an internal atmosphere of 15%CO(2)/7%O(2) at 4 degrees C. The predicted atmosphere composition was confirmed by the experimental results. The quality and microbiological characteristics of fresh truffles, packaged in these conditions, revealed that the microbial counts of pseudomonads and Enterobacteriaceae were decreased, the weight loss was reduced, the typical hard texture was maintained, and the development of mycelium growth was delayed, enabling good scores for aroma and flavor, and therefore prolonging the shelf life of T. melanosporum and T. aestivum truffles to 28 and 21 d, respectively. Practical Application: This study describes the benefits of using MAP with microperforated films in the postharvest storage of Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum fresh truffles. The shelf life of T. aestivum is prolonged to 21 d and of T. melanosporum to beyond 28 d increasing the possibilities for a foreign market.
本研究旨在设计一种适合黑孢块菌和白块菌的改良气氛包装，以延长其货架期和新鲜产品的供应。在不同温度下（4、10 和 23°C），通过在封闭系统中耗尽 O(2)并形成 CO(2)来测定它们的呼吸速率。通过指数方程拟合结果，并使用这些方程的导数获得实验呼吸速率。我们的结果表明，这两种块菌的呼吸速率都很高，所有研究情况下的呼吸商 (RQ) 都高于 1。还揭示了呼吸速率（无论是 R(O2)还是 R(CO2)）与 O(2)浓度呈线性依赖关系。使用数学模型预测了在 4°C 下，内部聚丙烯托盘（250 毫升）中的气体组成的演变，这些托盘用 4 种不同传输率的微孔膜热密封。选择具有 2 个孔（90 x 50 微米）的微孔膜在 4°C 下产生 15%CO(2)/7%O(2)的内部气氛。通过实验结果证实了预测的气氛组成。在这些条件下包装的新鲜块菌的质量和微生物特性表明，假单胞菌和肠杆菌科的微生物计数减少，重量损失减少，保持了典型的坚硬质地，并且菌丝体生长的发育延迟，从而获得了良好的香气和风味评分，从而延长了黑孢块菌和白块菌的货架期，分别为 28 和 21 d。实际应用：本研究描述了在黑孢块菌和白块菌新鲜块菌的采后贮藏中使用具有微孔膜的 MAP 的好处。白块菌的货架期延长至 21 天，黑孢块菌的货架期延长至 28 天以上，增加了进入国际市场的可能性。
