Hardy J
Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1991 Apr;7(1):105-22. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30519-9.
Upper airway obstruction may result from nasal, pharyngeal, or tracheal diseases. In the young horse, a relatively severe obstruction usually is present before clinical signs are evident. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnostic features, treatment, and outcome of commonly encountered conditions of the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and trachea in young horses.
上呼吸道阻塞可能由鼻腔、咽部或气管疾病引起。在幼马中,通常在临床症状明显之前就存在相对严重的阻塞。本文综述了幼马鼻腔、咽部、喉部和气管常见病症的临床表现、诊断特征、治疗方法及预后。