Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 As, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Sep 1;408(19):4107-17. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.034. Epub 2010 Jun 12.
Cleaning and washing of road tunnels are routinely performed and large volumes of contaminated wash water are often discharged into nearby recipients. In the present study, traffic related contaminants were quantified in tunnel wash water (the Nordby tunnel, Norway) discharged from a sedimentation pond to a nearby small stream, Arungselva. In situ size and charge fractionation techniques were applied to quantify traffic related metal species, while PAHs were quantified in total samples. All metals and several PAHs appeared at elevated concentrations in the discharged wash water compared with concentrations measured in Arungselva upstream the pond outlet, and to concentrations measured in the pond outlet before the tunnel wash event. In addition, several contaminants (e.g. Cu, Pb, Zn, fluoranthene, pyrene) exceeded their corresponding EQS. PAH and metals like Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe and Pb were associated with particles and colloids, while As, Ca, K, Mg, Mo, Ni, Sb and Zn were more associated with low molecular mass species (<10kDa). Calculated enrichment factors revealed that many of the metals were derived from anthropogenic sources, originating most likely from wear of tires (Zn), brakes (Cu and Sb), and from road salt (Na and Cl). The enrichment factors for Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg and Ni were low, suggesting a crustal origin, e.g. asphalt wear. Based on calculated PAH ratios, PAH seemed to originate from a mixture of sources such as wear from tires, asphalt and combustion. Finally, historical fish length measurement data indicates that the fish population in the receiving stream Arungselva may have been adversely influenced by the chemical perturbations in runoffs originating from the nearby roads and tunnels during the years, as the growth in summer old sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) in downstream sections of the stream is significantly reduced compared to the upstream sections.
道路隧道的清洁和清洗是常规操作，大量受污染的洗涤水经常被排放到附近的接收体中。在本研究中，从沉淀池排放到附近小溪（挪威的 Nordby 隧道）的隧道洗涤水中量化了与交通相关的污染物。应用原位大小和电荷分馏技术来量化与交通相关的金属物种，而多环芳烃则在总样本中进行量化。与池塘出口上游的 Arungselva 测量浓度相比，排放洗涤水中的所有金属和几种多环芳烃的浓度都升高，与隧道洗涤事件前在池塘出口处测量的浓度相比也是如此。此外，几种污染物（如 Cu、Pb、Zn、荧蒽、芘）超过了相应的 EQS。多环芳烃和金属如 Al、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe 和 Pb 与颗粒和胶体有关，而 As、Ca、K、Mg、Mo、Ni、Sb 和 Zn 与低分子量物质（<10kDa）更相关。计算的富集因子表明，许多金属源自人为源，最有可能源自轮胎磨损（Zn）、刹车（Cu 和 Sb）和道路盐（Na 和 Cl）。Al、Ba、Ca、Cr、Fe、K、Mg 和 Ni 的富集因子较低，表明其来源于地壳，如沥青磨损。基于计算出的多环芳烃比值，多环芳烃似乎源自轮胎、沥青和燃烧等多种来源的混合物。最后，历史鱼类长度测量数据表明，接收溪流 Arungselva 中的鱼类种群可能受到附近道路和隧道径流中化学干扰的不利影响，因为溪流下游部分的夏季老鲑鱼（Salmo trutta L.）的生长明显低于上游部分。
