Sossalla Nadine A, Uhl Wolfgang, Vistnes Hanne, Rathnaweera Subhash Srikantha, Vik Eilen Arctander, Meyn Thomas
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, S. P. Andersens Veg 5, 7031, Trondheim, Norway.
Aquateam COWI AS, Karvesvingen 2, 0579, Oslo, Norway.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jan;32(5):2251-2266. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35773-7. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
The characterization of tunnel wash water (TWW) from 12 Norwegian tunnels showed very high concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) were mainly particle-associated. They are efficiently removed by sedimentation, while the dissolved concentrations of toxic metals like Cu, Zn, and As did not change. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration was higher in the dissolved than in the particulate fraction. Sedimentation treatment reduced the particulate share by about 50%. In contrast to metals, the dissolved fraction decreased by about 90% during sedimentation, most probably due to adsorption to particles that are subsequently removed during the process. The concentration levels of 8 out of 16 PAHs, Cu, Zn, and As resulted in a water quality classification of poor or very poor. Acute toxic effects could be expected after short-term exposition. After sedimentation, this was the case for only two PAHs because more harmful compounds with three to six rings were preferably removed. These may adsorb better to particles than PAHs with two rings. No change was observed for the metals. A closer evaluation of secondary treatments of TWW, including conventional technology and mobile solutions, is therefore recommended. Finally, indications for a seasonal pollution variation have been seen, mainly related to the use of salt as a de-icing agent in road maintenance.
对来自12条挪威隧道的隧道冲洗水（TWW）的特性分析表明，其总悬浮固体（TSS）、金属和多环芳烃（PAH）浓度非常高。铁（Fe）、铝（Al）和锰（Mn）主要与颗粒相关。它们可通过沉淀有效去除，而铜、锌和砷等有毒金属的溶解浓度则没有变化。溶解态多环芳烃（PAH）的浓度高于颗粒态。沉淀处理使颗粒部分减少了约50%。与金属不同，沉淀过程中溶解部分减少了约90%，这很可能是由于吸附到颗粒上，而这些颗粒随后在该过程中被去除。16种PAH中的8种、铜、锌和砷的浓度水平导致水质分类为差或很差。短期接触后可能会产生急性毒性作用。沉淀后，只有两种PAH出现这种情况，因为三环至六环的更有害化合物更易被去除。这些化合物可能比二环PAH更易吸附到颗粒上。金属没有变化。因此，建议进一步评估隧道冲洗水的二级处理方法，包括传统技术和移动解决方案。最后，已观察到季节性污染变化的迹象，这主要与道路维护中使用盐作为除冰剂有关。
