Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec;118(12):1762-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1001898. Epub 2010 Jun 15.
Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been widely used in consumer products. Exposures in the United States and in world populations are widespread. PFC exposures have been linked to various health impacts, and data in animals suggest that PFCs may be potential developmental neurotoxicants.
We evaluated the associations between exposures to four PFCs and parental report of diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 for children 12-15 years of age. Parental report of a previous diagnosis by a doctor or health care professional of ADHD in the child was the primary outcome measure. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) levels were measured in serum samples from each child.
Parents reported that 48 of 571 children included in the analysis had been diagnosed with ADHD. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for parentally reported ADHD in association with a 1-μg/L increase in serum PFOS (modeled as a continuous predictor) was 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05]. Adjusted ORs for 1-μg/L increases in PFOA and PFHxS were also statistically significant (PFOA: OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23; PFHxS: OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11), and we observed a nonsignificant positive association with PFNA (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.86-2.02).
Our results, using cross-sectional data, are consistent with increased odds of ADHD in children with higher serum PFC levels. Given the extremely prevalent exposure to PFCs, follow-up of these data with cohort studies is needed.
多氟烷基化学品（PFCs）已广泛应用于消费品。美国和全球人群中广泛存在 PFC 暴露。PFC 暴露与各种健康影响有关，动物数据表明 PFCs 可能是潜在的发育神经毒物。
我们评估了四种 PFC 暴露与父母报告的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）诊断之间的关联。
数据来自于 1999-2000 年和 2003-2004 年的全国健康和营养调查（NHANES），对象为 12-15 岁的儿童。父母报告孩子曾被医生或医疗保健专业人员诊断为 ADHD，这是主要的结局测量指标。在每个孩子的血清样本中测量了全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）的水平。
在纳入分析的 571 名儿童中，有 48 名父母报告患有 ADHD。血清 PFOS 每增加 1μg/L，父母报告的 ADHD 的调整后比值比（OR）为 1.03（95%置信区间（CI），1.01-1.05）。PFOA 和 PFHxS 每增加 1μg/L 的调整后 OR 也具有统计学意义（PFOA：OR=1.12；95%CI，1.01-1.23；PFHxS：OR=1.06；95%CI，1.02-1.11），我们观察到 PFNA 呈正相关但无统计学意义（OR=1.32；95%CI，0.86-2.02）。
我们的结果使用横断面数据，与血清 PFC 水平较高的儿童 ADHD 发病几率增加一致。鉴于 PFC 暴露极其普遍，需要对这些数据进行队列研究随访。
