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预测与证据之间的平衡以及对普遍宏观生态模式的探索:将伯格曼法则追溯到其恒温动物起源

The balance between predictions and evidence and the search for universal macroecological patterns: taking Bergmann's rule back to its endothermic origin.

作者信息

Pincheira-Donoso Daniel

机构信息

Evolutionary & Behavioural Ecology Research Group, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Building, Streatham Campus, Exeter, Devon EX44PS, UK.

出版信息

Theory Biosci. 2010 Dec;129(4):247-53. doi: 10.1007/s12064-010-0101-0. Epub 2010 Jun 17.

Abstract

Geographical variation in environmental temperatures is expected to impose clinal phenotypic selection that results in the expression of large-scale gradients of body mass variation within animal clades. Body size is predicted to increase with increasing latitude and elevation, and hence, with decreasing temperature, a pattern broadly known as Bergmann's rule. However, empirical observations are highly conflicting. Whilst most studies support this prediction in endotherms (birds and mammals), analyses conducted on ectotherms often fail to report this pattern. Does it reduce the validity of this macroecological rule? Since the original formulation of Bergmann's rule only involved endothermic organisms, I argue that the controversy is not a consequence of its predictive power, but a result of the later inclusion of ectotherms as part of the prediction. Here, I propose that the common conception of Bergmann's rule maintained for half a century is changed back to its original definition restricted to endotherms. This temperature-size relationship might therefore consolidate as a well-established macroecological rule if its original formulation is respected. Finally, I develop these claims on my initial suggestion that Bergmann's rule should be recognized as the evolutionary outcome of a general process with no phylogenetic scale distinction of species or populations, being equally applicable amongst and within species.

摘要

环境温度的地理差异预计会施加渐变的表型选择,从而导致动物类群内部出现大规模的体重变化梯度。预计体型会随着纬度和海拔的升高而增大,因此,随着温度降低而增大,这一模式广为人知,即伯格曼法则。然而,实证观察结果却存在很大冲突。虽然大多数研究支持恒温动物(鸟类和哺乳动物)的这一预测,但对变温动物进行的分析往往未能报告这一模式。这是否会降低这一宏观生态法则的有效性呢?由于伯格曼法则最初的表述仅涉及恒温生物,我认为争议并非源于其预测能力,而是后来将变温动物纳入预测范围的结果。在此,我提议将维持了半个世纪的伯格曼法则的普遍概念恢复到其最初仅限于恒温动物的定义。因此,如果尊重其最初的表述,这种温度 - 体型关系可能会巩固为一个确立的宏观生态法则。最后,我基于最初的建议进一步阐述这些观点,即伯格曼法则应被视为一个普遍过程的进化结果,不存在物种或种群的系统发育尺度差异,在物种之间和物种内部同样适用。

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