Ma Jun, Wu Shuang-sheng, Song Yi, Hu Pei-jin, Zhang Bing
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2010 Jun 18;42(3):318-22.
To analyze the secular changes in height and weight of Chinese school children in recent 20 years, in order to take effective preventive strategies and measures to improve their physical fitness and health.
Students aged 7-18 year-old participated in the 1985, 1995 and 2005 National Survey on Students Constitution and Health were used as subjects. The LMS method was applied to draw the 5th, 50th and 95th smoothed percentile curves of height and weight, and comparison was analyzed between different years.
From 1985 to 1995, the 50th percentile of average height increased by 3.1, 3.5, 2.2 and 2.8 cm, and the 50th percentile of average weight increased by 3.2, 1.9, 2.0 and 1.3 kg, for urban boys, rural boys, urban girls, rural girls respectively. The average increments of height were 2.0, 2.3, 1.3 and 1.7 cm, and the average increments of weight were 3.1, 1.9, 1.7 and 1.2 kg during 1995 to 2005. The secular growth trends in the recent 20 years were: (1) height and weight had increased in each age group of students. (2) the 95th percentile curves of height and weight were higher than 50th and 5th percentile curves. (3) the average increments per decade in rural students were higher than those in urban students. (4) the average increments of height per decade for aged 18 year-old were lower than those in other age groups. (5) the average increments of height during 1985-1995 were higher than that during 1995-2005, but increments of adult height during 1985-1995 were lower than that during 1995-2005.
A significant secular increase in height and weight was found in school children aged 7-18 year-old in China, and the secular increase was more obvious among well-grown school children.
分析近20年来中国学龄儿童身高和体重的长期变化情况，以便采取有效的预防策略和措施来提高他们的身体素质和健康水平。
选取参加1985年、1995年和2005年全国学生体质与健康调研的7至18岁学生作为研究对象。应用LMS法绘制身高和体重的第5、第50和第95平滑百分位数曲线，并对不同年份进行比较分析。
1985年至1995年，城市男生、农村男生、城市女生、农村女生的平均身高第50百分位数分别增加了3.1、3.5、2.2和2.8厘米，平均体重第50百分位数分别增加了3.2、1.9、2.0和1.3千克。1995年至2005年，身高的平均增加值分别为2.0、2.3、1.3和1.7厘米，体重的平均增加值分别为3.1、1.9、1.7和1.2千克。近20年的长期增长趋势为：（1）各年龄组学生的身高和体重均有所增加。（2）身高和体重的第95百分位数曲线高于第50和第5百分位数曲线。（3）农村学生每十年的平均增加值高于城市学生。（4）18岁学生每十年的身高平均增加值低于其他年龄组。（5）1985 - 1995年身高的平均增加值高于1995 - 2005年，但1985 - 1995年成人身高的增加值低于1995 - 2005年。
中国7至18岁学龄儿童的身高和体重出现了显著的长期增长，且这种增长在发育良好的学龄儿童中更为明显。
