Hennersdorf M, Schannwell C M, Motz W
Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Am Gesundbrunnen, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Am Gesundbrunnen 20-26, Heilbronn, Germany.
Internist (Berl). 2010 Jul;51(7):815-25. doi: 10.1007/s00108-009-2556-y.
Arterial hypertension often leads to diseases of kidneys, vessels and brain. Besides these end organ damages the changes of the heart are of important role. Substantial consequences of hypertension are microangiopathy, interstitial fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy. Hence, as an early stage diastolic dysfunction results. Due to longer persistent hypertension also systolic dysfunction develops. Clinically, patients suffer from angina pectoris, dyspnoea and cardiac arrhythmias (i.e. atrial arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation). The left ventricular hypertrophy also is associated with an increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The risk of sudden cardiac death is raised as well, in particular in patients with dilated heart and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Well controlled antihypertensive therapy could lead to a regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hence, disorders and prognosis of the patients could be improved.
动脉高血压常导致肾脏、血管和脑部疾病。除了这些终末器官损害外，心脏的变化也起着重要作用。高血压的严重后果是微血管病变、间质纤维化和左心室肥厚。因此，早期会出现舒张功能障碍。由于高血压持续时间较长，也会发展为收缩功能障碍。临床上，患者会出现心绞痛、呼吸困难和心律失常（即房性心律失常、心房颤动）。左心室肥厚还与恶性室性心律失常风险增加有关。心脏性猝死风险也会升高，尤其是在心脏扩大和左心室射血分数降低的患者中。良好控制的抗高血压治疗可导致左心室肥厚消退。因此，患者的病情和预后可以得到改善。
