Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2010 Jun;16(2):204-18. doi: 10.1037/a0019495.
The current manuscript proposes a theory of how witnesses assess their confidence following a lineup identification, called the selective cue integration framework (SCIF). Drawing from past research on the postidentification feedback effect, the SCIF details a three-stage process of confidence assessment that is based largely on a conceptualization of feedback-produced confidence inflation as an attitude change phenomenon. According to the SCIF, when asked to assess their confidence, witnesses assess the strength of their internal accuracy cues (assessment stage). If weak, witnesses look specifically for external accuracy cues that can justify their identification decision (search stage). Finally, these justifying external cues are submitted to a credibility check (evaluation stage); if no credibility-undermining information is uncovered, they become integrated into one's confidence assessment. Three studies used college students as mock-witnesses to test predictions derived from the SCIF. In study 1a, lineup identification confidence was unaffected by disconfirming feedback unless that statement recanted previously administered confirming feedback, suggesting the existence of different stages in the confidence assessment process. Study 1b demonstrated that the effects of recanted feedback depend only on a discrediting of the feedback itself, and not on the discrediting of the identification. Study 2 demonstrated the generality of the SCIF by showing its predictive ability within a novel and methodologically improved postidentification cowitness feedback paradigm. Results across all three studies supported the SCIF as a theoretical framework for witness confidence assessment, suggest a new means of eliminating the feedback effect, and unite postidentification feedback and cowitness phenomena under a common theoretical umbrella.
目前的手稿提出了一种证人在进行辨认后如何评估自己信心的理论，称为选择性线索整合框架（SCIF）。该理论借鉴了过去关于辨认后反馈效应的研究，详细描述了一个基于反馈产生的信心膨胀是态度变化现象的概念的信心评估三阶段过程。根据 SCIF，当被要求评估自己的信心时，证人会评估自己内部准确性线索的强度（评估阶段）。如果线索较弱，证人会特别寻找可以证明自己辨认决定的外部准确性线索（搜索阶段）。最后，这些证明外部线索会接受可信度检查（评估阶段）；如果没有发现破坏可信度的信息，它们将被整合到自己的信心评估中。三项研究使用大学生作为模拟证人来测试源自 SCIF 的预测。在研究 1a 中，除非该陈述推翻了之前给予的确认性反馈，否则辨认信心不受否定性反馈的影响，这表明在信心评估过程中存在不同的阶段。研究 1b 表明，推翻反馈的影响仅取决于对反馈本身的质疑，而不是对辨认的质疑。研究 2 通过展示其在一种新颖的、方法上改进的辨认后同证人反馈范式中的预测能力，证明了 SCIF 的普遍性。所有三项研究的结果都支持 SCIF 作为证人信心评估的理论框架，提出了一种消除反馈效应的新方法，并将辨认后反馈和同证人现象统一在一个共同的理论框架下。
