抑郁发展过程中的性别差异。
Gender differences in the developmental course of depression.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Roehampton University, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London, UK.
出版信息
J Affect Disord. 2010 Dec;127(1-3):185-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.05.016. Epub 2010 Jun 22.
BACKGROUND
There is ample evidence for female preponderance of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence and adulthood. This study examined gender differences in the developmental course (i.e., incidence, duration, number of depressive episodes, and recovery rates) of MDD in non-referred adolescents and young adults.
METHODS
Data from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project were used to examine gender differences in the developmental course of MDD. Gender differences in the onset, duration, number of depressive episode and rate of recovery from MDD were examined in a population-based sample of the same individuals (participants: N=773) during adolescence (age 14 to 17) and at age 30.
RESULTS
Compared to males, females have higher incidence rates of MDD and had a more chronic course. Difference in duration of depressive episodes is marginally significant between male and female, with females having longer episodes. Lower onset age correlates significantly with more number of episodes in both genders; however, lower onset age predicts a worse course of depression only in females.
LIMITATIONS
The sample was from a single region of the country and consisted mostly of White adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Childhood depression may be a more serious risk factor for girls than for boys.
背景
有大量证据表明，在青少年和成年期，女性中重度抑郁症（MDD）的发病率较高。本研究检查了非转诊青少年和年轻成人中 MDD 的发展过程（即发病率、持续时间、抑郁发作次数和恢复率）中的性别差异。
方法
使用俄勒冈州青少年抑郁项目的数据来检查 MDD 发展过程中的性别差异。在一项基于人群的相同个体样本（参与者：N=773）中，在青少年期（14 至 17 岁）和 30 岁时，检查了 MDD 的发病、持续时间、抑郁发作次数和恢复率方面的性别差异。
结果
与男性相比，女性的 MDD 发病率更高，且病程更慢性。男性和女性之间的抑郁发作持续时间差异具有边缘显著性，女性的发作时间更长。发病年龄越低与两性中更多的发作次数显著相关；然而，发病年龄较低仅在女性中预测抑郁的病程更差。
局限性
该样本来自美国的一个单一地区，且主要由白种青少年组成。
结论
儿童期抑郁可能是女孩比男孩更严重的风险因素。
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