Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(18):1509-16. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2010.497035.
Motor skills can be learned in an explicit or an implicit manner. Explicit learning places high demands on working memory capacity, but engagement of working memory is largely circumvented when skills are learned implicitly. We propose that individuals with impaired movement dynamics may benefit from implicit learning methods when acquiring sports-related motor skills.
We discuss converging evidence that individuals with cerebral palsy and children born prematurely have compromised working memory capacity. This may in part explain the difficulties they encounter when learning motor and other skills. We also review tentative evidence that older people, whose movement dynamics deteriorate, can implicitly learn sports-related motor skills and that this results in more durable performance gains than explicit learning.
Individuals with altered movement dynamics and compromised working memory can benefit from implicit motor learning.
We conclude with an appeal for more extensive evaluation of the merits of implicit motor learning in individuals with impaired movement dynamics.
运动技能可以通过外显或内隐的方式习得。外显学习对工作记忆容量要求较高，但当技能以内隐方式习得时，工作记忆的参与度会大大降低。我们提出，运动动态受损的个体在获得与运动相关的运动技能时可能受益于内隐学习方法。
我们讨论了越来越多的证据表明脑瘫患者和早产儿的工作记忆容量受损。这可能部分解释了他们在学习运动和其他技能时遇到的困难。我们还回顾了初步证据，表明运动动态恶化的老年人可以内隐地学习与运动相关的运动技能，并且这比外显学习产生更持久的表现收益。
运动动态改变和工作记忆受损的个体可以从内隐运动学习中受益。
我们呼吁更广泛地评估内隐运动学习在运动动态受损个体中的优点。
