Renaud N M, Moore D T
Appl Opt. 1990 Oct 1;29(28):4030-5. doi: 10.1364/AO.29.004030.
Two different aspherical singlets, four types of axial gradient-index singlet, and one radial gradient-index singlet achieving the same performance are toleranced for thickness, curvatures, base index, and special coefficient (aspheric or gradient) sensitivities. The results show that the singlet with the most relaxed tolerances has a linear axial gradient which extends through the lens, followed in order by a singlet with a parabolic radial gradient, a singlet with an aspheric surface on the front, and a singlet with a parabolic axial gradient crossing the first surface.
针对两种不同的非球面单透镜、四种轴向渐变折射率单透镜以及一种径向渐变折射率单透镜，在厚度、曲率、基折射率和特殊系数（非球面或渐变）敏感度方面进行了公差分析，这些透镜具有相同的性能。结果表明，公差最宽松的单透镜具有贯穿透镜的线性轴向渐变，其次依次是具有抛物线形径向渐变的单透镜、前表面为非球面的单透镜以及抛物线形轴向渐变穿过第一表面的单透镜。
