Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
Nephrology (Carlton). 2010 Jun;15 Suppl 2:27-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01308.x.
The prevalence of treated patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been increasing steadily in Japan. High ESRD prevalence could be explained by multiple factors such as better survival on dialysis therapy, luxury acceptance due to insurance system to cover dialysis therapy, and 'truly' high incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The growing elderly population may also contribute to this trend. The Japanese Society of Nephrology estimated the prevalence of CKD stage 3 as 10.4%, 7.6% within the range of 50-59 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) in a screened population. Strong predictors of treated ESRD shown by using community-based screening programs and an ESRD registry in Okinawa are dip-stick-positive proteinuria and hypertension. Low glomerular filtration rate per se, which is often observed in the elderly population, is not a significant predictor of developing ESRD unless associated with proteinuria. CKD is common in Japan and is expected to increase, particularly in the elderly population. Benefits of proteinuria screening and automatic reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate on the incidence of ESRD remain to be determined.
在日本，接受终末期肾病（ESRD）治疗的患者的患病率一直在稳步上升。ESRD 患病率较高可能有多种因素导致，包括透析治疗存活率提高、由于保险制度涵盖透析治疗而导致的过度治疗、慢性肾脏病（CKD）的“真正”高发率和高患病率。老年人口的增长也可能促成了这一趋势。日本肾脏病学会估计，在筛查人群中，CKD 第 3 期的患病率为 10.4%，50-59 岁范围内每 1.73 m² 肾小球滤过率为 7.6%。在使用社区筛查计划和冲绳 ESRD 登记处的研究中，预测治疗性 ESRD 的强烈指标是尿试纸阳性蛋白尿和高血压。肾小球滤过率低本身在老年人群中很常见，除非伴有蛋白尿，否则不是发生 ESRD 的重要预测因素。CKD 在日本很常见，预计在老年人群中会增加。蛋白尿筛查和估计肾小球滤过率的自动报告对 ESRD 发病率的影响仍有待确定。
