Health patterns in aging women as expanding consciousness.

Newman's model of health as expanding consciousness provided the framework for investigation of the phenomenon of powerlessness among aging women. The study sought to identify a pattern of relationships among the impact of chronic illness, frame of temporal reference, death anxiety, hopelessness, and powerlessness. However, subjects manifested high levels of perceived situational control or powerfulness, with restricted range and variance of powerlessness scores. Thus the research questions were not answered. A profile of health patterns among active, aging women did emerge from the findings that it is congruent with Newman's model of health as expanding consciousness.