Anthraquinone-based discotic liquid crystals.

The syntheses of six room-temperature discotic liquid crystals based on an alkoxy-anthraquinone (AQ) framework is described. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and cross-polarized microscopy were used to identify phases and confirm phase-transition temperatures. Cross-polarized microscopy results suggest columnar discotic structures at room temperature. However, the AQ derivatives also undergo mesophase-to-mesophase transitions, which are attributed to rectangular- to hexagonal-columnar discotic transitions based on XRD analysis. Furthermore, some of the compounds display remarkable liquid crystalline phase stability that spans from -50 to 150 degrees C, a useful temperature range for organic materials applications. The different AQ derivatives did not exhibit electronic perturbations, as all compounds have absorption onsets of approximately 400 nm. Finally, solution cyclic voltammetry of the AQ derivatives was carried out to determine the redox potentials, diffusion coefficients, and electron transfer rate constants. All AQ derivatives had E(1/2) values that ranged between -1.52 and -1.70 V vs Fc/Fc(+). Diffusion coefficients and electron transfer rates for all AQ derivatives ranged between 0.4 and 7.1 x 10(-6) cm(2) x s(-1) and 0.9 and 5.2 x 10(-3) cm x s(-1), respectively.