Bailey J M, Willerman L, Parks C
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2710.
Arch Sex Behav. 1991 Jun;20(3):277-93. doi: 10.1007/BF01541847.
Both the neurohormonal theory of sexual orientation and previous research on humans and animals suggest that male homosexuality may arise from prenatal stress during the brain's sexual differentiation. Stress-proneness and retrospective reports of stress during pregnancy were obtained from mothers of male and female heterosexuals, bisexuals, and homosexuals. Each mother also rated pregnancy stress for a heterosexual sibling of the subject. For males, neither between-family nor within-family analyses revealed a maternal stress effect for either sexual orientation or childhood gender nonconformity. However, mothers of effeminate children reported more stress-proneness than other mothers. Male homosexuality nevertheless was strongly familial, suggesting a reconsideration of genetic and familial environmental mechanisms.
性取向的神经激素理论以及先前对人类和动物的研究均表明，男性同性恋可能源于大脑性别分化过程中的产前应激。从男性和女性异性恋者、双性恋者及同性恋者的母亲那里获取了应激倾向及孕期应激的回顾性报告。每位母亲还对受测对象的一名异性恋兄弟姐妹的孕期应激进行了评分。对于男性而言，无论是家庭间分析还是家庭内分析，均未发现母亲的应激对性取向或童年期性别不一致有影响。然而，女性化儿童的母亲报告的应激倾向比其他母亲更多。不过，男性同性恋具有很强的家族性，这表明需要重新考虑遗传和家族环境机制。
