Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Dermatol Ther. 2010 May-Jun;23(3):220-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01319.x.
Intraoral pigmentation is quite common and has numerous etiologies, ranging from exogenous to physiological to neoplastic. Many pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are associated with melanin pigment. The differential diagnosis of mucosal pigmented lesions includes hematomas, varices, and petechiae which may appear to be pigmented. Unlike cutaneous melanomas, oral melanomas are diagnosed late and have a poor prognosis regardless of depth of invasion. As such, the clinical presentation and treatment of intraoral melanoma will be discussed. Developing a differential diagnosis is imperative for a clinician faced with these lesions in order to appropriately treat the patient. This article will focus on the most common oral melanocytic lesions, along with mimics.
口腔内色素沉着很常见，有许多病因，包括外源性、生理性和肿瘤性。许多口腔色素沉着病变与黑色素有关。黏膜色素沉着病变的鉴别诊断包括血肿、静脉曲张和瘀点，它们可能看起来是色素沉着的。与皮肤黑色素瘤不同，口腔黑色素瘤无论浸润深度如何，诊断都较晚，预后较差。因此，将讨论口腔内黑色素瘤的临床表现和治疗。对于面对这些病变的临床医生来说，制定鉴别诊断至关重要，以便为患者提供适当的治疗。本文将重点介绍最常见的口腔黑素细胞病变及其类似物。
