Bohnsack Markus T, Schleiff Enrico
Goethe University, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Oct;1803(10):1115-30. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.06.005. Epub 2010 Jun 27.
Cells have evolved increasingly complex membrane systems for compartmentalization and thereby for the regulation of multiple cellular pathways. The existence of such membranes required the evolution of molecular machines that allow and regulate the exchange of material between intracellular compartments or with the exterior. Here, we have summarized the current concepts for the origin and evolution of the targeting and translocation systems required for the specific insertion of transmembrane proteins into their target membranes and for the transport of protein cargos across membranes. The basic pathways developed in prokaryotes were modified and extended to suffice for the much more complex membrane systems found in eukaryotes, allowing not only the identification of basic mechanistic principles, but also phylogenetic studies to elucidate evolutionary relations.
细胞已经进化出越来越复杂的膜系统用于区室化，从而调节多种细胞途径。这种膜的存在需要分子机器的进化，这些分子机器允许并调节细胞内区室之间或与外部之间的物质交换。在这里，我们总结了当前关于跨膜蛋白特异性插入其靶膜以及蛋白质货物跨膜运输所需的靶向和转运系统的起源和进化的概念。原核生物中发展出的基本途径经过修改和扩展，以满足真核生物中更为复杂的膜系统的需求，这不仅有助于确定基本的机制原理，还能进行系统发育研究以阐明进化关系。
