Yuval-Davis Nira
Director of the Research Centre on Migration, Refugees and Belonging, University of East London.
Patterns Prejudice. 2010;44(3):261-80. doi: 10.1080/0031322X.2010.489736.
Yuval-Davis discusses three interconnected questions relating to identity. She first examines whether and in what ways the notion of identity should be theorized, on the one hand, and empirically researched, on the other, focusing on the opposing views of Stuart Hall and Robin Williams. She then examines the contested question of what is identity, positioning it in relation to notions of belonging and the politics of belonging, and in relation to several influential schools of thought, especially those that construct identity as a mode of narrative, as a mode of performativity or as a dialogical practice. Her third interrelated question concerns the boundaries of identity and the relationship between self and non-self. She explores both social psychological and psychoanalytical approaches to that question, and deals with questions such as reflexivity, identifications and forced identities. The last part of the article explores several types of relationships between self and non-self, such as: 'me' and 'us'; 'me/us' and 'them'; 'me' and other 'others'; 'me' and the transversal 'us/them'. Yuval-Davis's basic argument here is that dichotomous notions of identity and difference, when theorizing boundaries of individual and collective identities, are more misleading than explanatory.
尤瓦尔 - 戴维斯探讨了与身份认同相关的三个相互关联的问题。她首先考察了身份认同的概念一方面是否以及应以何种方式进行理论化，另一方面又应以何种方式进行实证研究，重点关注斯图尔特·霍尔和罗宾·威廉姆斯的对立观点。接着，她审视了关于身份认同是什么这一存在争议的问题，将其与归属感及归属政治的概念联系起来，并与几种有影响力的思想流派联系起来，特别是那些将身份认同构建为一种叙事模式、一种表演性模式或一种对话实践的流派。她的第三个相互关联的问题涉及身份认同的边界以及自我与非自我之间的关系。她探讨了针对该问题的社会心理学和精神分析方法，并处理了诸如反思性、认同和强制身份等问题。文章的最后一部分探讨了自我与非自我之间的几种关系类型，例如：“我”与“我们”；“我/我们”与“他们”；“我”与其他“他者”；“我”与横向的“我们/他们”。尤瓦尔 - 戴维斯在此的基本论点是，在对个体和集体身份认同的边界进行理论化时，身份认同与差异的二元概念更具误导性而非解释性。
