Morse J M, Bottorff J, Neander W, Solberg S
Image J Nurs Sch. 1991 Summer;23(2):119-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1991.tb00655.x.
We delineated and compared various definitions of caring according to the five major conceptualizations of caring: caring as a human trait; caring as a moral imperative; caring as an affect; caring as an interpersonal interaction; and caring as an intervention. The implications of these diverse conceptualizations of caring for nursing practice are identified, and the commonalities, strengths and weaknesses discussed. It is concluded that caring is relatively undeveloped as a concept, has not been clearly explicated and often lacks relevance for nursing practice.
我们根据关怀的五种主要概念化方式，阐述并比较了关怀的各种定义：关怀作为一种人类特质；关怀作为一种道德义务；关怀作为一种情感；关怀作为一种人际互动；以及关怀作为一种干预措施。我们确定了这些不同的关怀概念化方式对护理实践的影响，并讨论了它们的共性、优点和缺点。得出的结论是，关怀作为一个概念相对未得到充分发展，尚未得到清晰的阐释，且往往与护理实践缺乏相关性。
