MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Jul 9;59(26):813-6.
Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths for women in the United States. Screening with treatment has lowered breast cancer mortality.
Every 2 years, CDC uses Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to estimate mammography prevalence in the United States. Up-to-date mammography prevalence is calculated for women aged 50-74 years who report they had the test in the preceding 2 years.
For 2008, overall, age-adjusted, up-to-date mammography prevalence for U.S. women aged 50-74 years was 81.1%, compared with 81.5% in 2006. Among the lowest prevalences reported were those by women aged 50-59 years (79.9%), persons who did not finish high school (72.6%), American Indian/Alaska Natives (70.4%), those with annual household income <$15,000 (69.4%), and those without health insurance (56.3%). Highest mammography prevalence was among residents of the northeastern United States.
In recent years, mammography rates have plateaued. Critical gaps in screening remain for certain racial/ethnic groups and lower socioeconomic groups, and for the uninsured.
Health-care reform is likely to increase access by increasing insurance coverage and by reducing out-of-pocket costs for mammography screening. Widespread implementation of evidence-based interventions also will be needed to increase screening rates. These include patient and provider reminders to schedule a mammogram, use of small media (e.g., videos, letters, brochures, and flyers), one-on-one education of women, and reduction of structural barriers (e.g., more convenient hours and attention to language, health literacy, and cultural factors).
乳腺癌仍然是美国女性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。通过筛查和治疗已经降低了乳腺癌的死亡率。
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）每两年利用行为风险因素监测系统的数据来估计美国的乳房 X 光摄影筛查率。最新的乳房 X 光摄影筛查率是针对报告在过去 2 年内接受过该检查的年龄在 50-74 岁的女性计算得出的。
2008 年，全美年龄调整后，50-74 岁女性的最新乳房 X 光摄影筛查率为 81.1%，而 2006 年为 81.5%。报告的最低筛查率包括 50-59 岁女性（79.9%）、未完成高中学业者（72.6%）、美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（70.4%）、年收入<15000 美元的人群（69.4%）和没有医疗保险的人群（56.3%）。东北部的女性乳房 X 光摄影筛查率最高。
近年来，乳房 X 光摄影筛查率趋于平稳。某些种族/族裔群体和社会经济地位较低的人群以及没有医疗保险的人群，在筛查方面仍然存在严重的差距。
医疗改革有望通过增加保险覆盖范围和降低乳房 X 光摄影筛查的自付费用来增加获得服务的机会。还需要广泛实施基于证据的干预措施来提高筛查率。这些措施包括向患者和医务人员发送预约乳房 X 光摄影筛查的提醒、使用小型媒体（如视频、信件、小册子和传单）、对女性进行一对一的教育以及减少结构性障碍（如更方便的时间、关注语言、健康素养和文化因素）。
