Barrat J, Richomme C, Moinet M
Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments, site de Nancy--Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Rage et la Pathologie des Animaux Sauvages, technopole agricole et vétérinaire de Pixérécourt, BP 40009, F-54220 Malzéville, France.
Rev Sci Tech. 2010 Apr;29(1):113-22. doi: 10.20506/rst.29.1.1968.
Exotic species have often been introduced into a new country in zoological or botanical gardens or on game and fur farms. When accidentally or deliberately released, these alien species can become invasive and have negative impacts on native plant and animal communities and human activities. This article focuses on a selection of such invasive species: principally the American mink (Neovison vison), but also the coypu (Myocastor coypus), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), raccoon (Procyon lotor) and African sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus). In each of these cases, the authors describe the biological characteristics and life history of the species, in relation to its invasive capacity, the origins and establishment of non-native populations, the environmental consequences and possible control measures. The main negative impacts observed are the destruction of habitat, the introduction and/or spread of pathogens and changes in the composition of native communities with consequent effects on biodiversity.
外来物种常常是通过动物园、植物园或狩猎及毛皮养殖场被引入到一个新的国家。当这些外来物种意外或被故意释放后，它们可能会变成入侵物种，并对当地的动植物群落以及人类活动产生负面影响。本文聚焦于一些此类入侵物种：主要是美洲水貂（Neovison vison），但也包括河狸鼠（Myocastor coypus）、麝鼠（Ondatra zibethicus）、貉（Nyctereutes procyonoides）、浣熊（Procyon lotor）和非洲圣鹮（Threskiornis aethiopicus）。在每一个案例中，作者都描述了这些物种的生物学特性和生活史，涉及其入侵能力、非本地种群的起源与建立、环境后果以及可能的控制措施。观察到的主要负面影响包括栖息地的破坏、病原体的引入和/或传播，以及本地群落组成的变化，进而对生物多样性产生影响。
