Maryland Poison Center, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 220 Arch St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010 Aug;48(7):745-9. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.502122.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: In 2006, the annual report of poison centers in the United States changed the method of reporting profiles for generic substance categories from all exposures to single-substance exposures only. The objective of this study is to describe the potential impact of this reporting change on longitudinal analysis of outcomes.
Generic substance categories with data available for all years of the study were manually extracted from Table 22 of the National Poison Data System (NPDS) annual reports for 2002-2007. For each generic substance category, the following data were extracted for each of the 6 years: total number of substance mentions (2002-2005) or single-substance exposures (2006-2007), reason (unintentional or intentional), pediatric exposures (children age <6 years), and outcomes of major effect and death. Data were compared using descriptive analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) and negative binomial regression.
There were 65 generic substance categories (30 drug categories and 35 nondrug categories) that had data in all study years. For drug categories the average annual number of reported deaths by substance category decreased by 80.8%, from 2,229 in year 2002-2005 to 428 after the 2006 reporting change (p < 0.0001). The average annual number of reported major outcomes by substance category dropped by 76.0% (p < 0.0001). The impact on nondrug categories was similar: the annual average number of deaths and major effects by substance category decreased by about 50% from 394 and 4,639 per year during 2002-2005 to 198 deaths (p < 0.0001) and 2,357 major effects (p ≤ 0.0001) during 2006-2007. After controlling for potential covariates, multivariate regression showed that there were significant decreases in average rates of reported deaths (61.7 and 35.9%) and major effects (36.3 and 11.2%) for drug categories and nondrug categories, respectively (p < 0.01 for all).
Overall rates of major outcomes and deaths reported to poison control centers from 2002 to 2007 have remained constant. The new method of describing demographic data in Table 22 results in outcomes that are different from those reported in previous NPDS annual reports. Comparing NPDS generic substance outcome data before and after the reporting change in 2006 will yield inaccurate results if the change in reporting methodology is not taken into account.
背景/目的：2006 年，美国中毒控制中心的年度报告改变了通用物质类别报告概况的方法，从所有暴露改为仅单一物质暴露。本研究的目的是描述这种报告变化对结果的纵向分析的潜在影响。
从国家毒物数据系统（NPDS）2002-2007 年年度报告的表 22 中手动提取研究期间所有年份都有数据的通用物质类别。对于每个通用物质类别，从以下 6 年中提取以下数据：物质提及的总数（2002-2005 年）或单一物质暴露（2006-2007 年）、原因（无意或有意）、儿科暴露（年龄 <6 岁的儿童）以及主要影响和死亡的结果。使用描述性分析（Wilcoxon 符号秩检验）和负二项回归比较数据。
有 65 种通用物质类别（30 种药物类别和 35 种非药物类别）在所有研究年份都有数据。对于药物类别，按物质类别报告的死亡人数平均每年减少 80.8%，从 2002-2005 年的 2,229 人减少到 2006 年报告变化后的 428 人（p <0.0001）。按物质类别报告的主要结果数量平均每年减少 76.0%（p <0.0001）。非药物类别的影响类似：每年按物质类别报告的死亡人数和主要影响人数从 2002-2005 年的 394 人和 4,639 人减少到 2006-2007 年的 198 人死亡（p <0.0001）和 2,357 人主要影响（p ≤0.0001）。在控制了潜在的协变量后，多元回归显示药物类别和非药物类别的报告死亡人数（61.7%和 35.9%）和主要影响人数（36.3%和 11.2%）的平均率均显著下降（p <0.01 均）。
2002-2007 年向中毒控制中心报告的主要结果和死亡人数总体保持不变。表 22 中描述人口统计数据的新方法导致的结果与之前的 NPDS 年度报告报告的结果不同。如果不考虑报告方法的变化，比较 2006 年报告变化前后的 NPDS 通用物质结果数据将产生不准确的结果。
