Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2011 May;58(3):200-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01339.x.
Salmonella is, after Campylobacter, the most reported zoonotic pathogen in the EU. Poultry are a common source of infection to humans, and turkey flocks are commonly colonized with the organism. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella infection in 179 houses in 60 holdings representative of turkey meat and breeder production in Great Britain. From each holding, up to four houses were chosen, and two consecutive flocks per house were sampled/tested for Salmonella to investigate the persistence, elimination and introduction of Salmonella in consecutive crops. At the first sampling, the overall flock-level Salmonella prevalence was 32.8% and 8.9% for meat and breeding flocks respectively. There was a higher prevalence of Salmonella in flocks in the rearing stage than in the fattening and breeding stages. At the first sampling, the flock-level prevalence of Salmonella was 26.8% (95% CI: 20.7-33.7%), while the prevalence level in the subsequent flock was 20.5% (95% CI: 13.6-29.7%). No houses were positive for any of the EU-regulated serovars. The most commonly encountered serovars were S. Kottbus and S. Kedougou. Carry-over of infection was observed in 44.8% of the positive houses, and introduction of new infection occurred in 8.4% of houses. Data from the questionnaires and auditing of all holdings and houses were combined and used to calculate adjusted farm- and house-adjusted risk factors. Significant risk factors were feed from a source other than a national compounder (OR = 2.4), feeder type other than pan feeders (OR = 2.4) and hygiene practices other than terminal cleaning and disinfection using power-washing with sanitizer and anteroom with boot change (OR = 2.8). The study discusses the main challenges currently faced by the industry to control Salmonella in turkey production.
沙门氏菌是继弯曲杆菌之后欧盟报告最多的人畜共患病病原体。家禽是人类感染的常见来源，火鸡群通常被该病原体定植。我们调查了 179 个在英国具有代表性的火鸡肉和种鸡生产的 60 个养殖场中的 60 个养殖场的 179 个房屋中沙门氏菌的流行情况和危险因素。从每个养殖场中，选择最多 4 个房屋，每个房屋的 2 个连续鸡群进行沙门氏菌采样/检测，以调查沙门氏菌在连续批次中的持续性、消除和引入情况。在第一次采样时，总体鸡群水平的沙门氏菌流行率分别为 32.8%和 8.9%，用于肉用鸡群和种鸡群。在育雏阶段，鸡群中沙门氏菌的流行率高于育肥和繁殖阶段。在第一次采样时，鸡群水平的沙门氏菌流行率为 26.8%（95%置信区间：20.7-33.7%），而后续鸡群的流行率为 20.5%（95%置信区间：13.6-29.7%）。没有房屋对任何欧盟规定的血清型呈阳性。最常见的血清型是 S. Kottbus 和 S. Kedougou。在 44.8%的阳性房屋中观察到感染的持续性，8.4%的房屋发生了新的感染。从所有养殖场和房屋的问卷调查和审核中收集的数据被合并，并用于计算调整后的农场和房屋调整后的危险因素。显著的危险因素包括来自非国家复合饲料来源的饲料（OR = 2.4）、非盘式饲料器的给料器类型（OR = 2.4）以及终端清洁和消毒使用带消毒杀菌剂的动力清洗和带靴子更换的前厅等卫生实践（OR = 2.8）。该研究讨论了目前行业在控制火鸡生产中沙门氏菌方面面临的主要挑战。
