Svec Frank
Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2010 Jul;110(7 Suppl 7):eS20-4.
Incretins are hormones that are released after ingestion of a meal and augment the secretion of insulin. Current research suggests that GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) is the most important. Their action is terminated by enzymes known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The observation that the incretin response may be diminished in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus has led to advances in the management of this disease. Agents that act as incretin mimetics, such as exenatide and liraglutide, and DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin phosphate and saxagliptin, improve glycated hemoglobin levels either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. Importantly, these agents either lead to weight loss or are weight neutral and are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia--properties that further contribute to their clinical utility.
肠促胰岛素是在进食后释放并增强胰岛素分泌的激素。目前的研究表明，胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）是最重要的。它们的作用通过一种名为二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）的酶来终止。2型糖尿病患者的肠促胰岛素反应可能减弱这一观察结果推动了该疾病治疗方法的进步。作为肠促胰岛素类似物的药物，如艾塞那肽和利拉鲁肽，以及DPP-4抑制剂，如磷酸西格列汀和沙格列汀，无论是作为单一疗法还是与其他药物联合使用，都能改善糖化血红蛋白水平。重要的是，这些药物要么导致体重减轻，要么对体重无影响，并且低血糖风险较低，这些特性进一步提高了它们的临床应用价值。
