Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve W., Montreal, Quebec H3G IM8.
Mycologia. 2010 Jul-Aug;102(4):766-73. doi: 10.3852/08-096.
We studied the density of ascocarps (mushrooms) of morels (Morchella) and pixie cups (Geo-pyxis carbonaria) as a function of postfire duff (forest floor organic layer) depth in the first 4 y after a wildfire. The great majority of ascocarps of both species appeared in the first summer (2004) after an Aug 2003 fire in predominantly pine-spruce montane stands in Kootenay National Park, British Columbia. The spatial distribution of the ascocarps of both species was strongly biased toward (i) microsites with thin postfire duff and (ii) proximity to standing burned tree trunks. The bases of ascocarps of both species invariably were found just below the surface of the mineral soil. A field experiment in nearby intact forest showed that complete or partial duff removal in the absence of damage to the roots or crown did not lead to ascocarps of either species. We conclude that for both fungal species an unusually large abundance of ascocarps simultaneously requires damage to the associated trees and major duff reduction.
我们研究了火烧后前 4 年内，外生菌根（蕈类）和地杯菌（Geo-pyxis carbonaria）子实体（蘑菇）密度与凋落物（森林地表有机层）深度的关系。2003 年 8 月不列颠哥伦比亚省库特尼国家公园发生野火后，绝大多数这两种物种的子实体都出现在 2004 年的第一个夏季。这两种物种的子实体在空间上都强烈偏向于（i）凋落物层较薄的微生境，以及（ii）靠近燃烧的树干。这两种物种的子实体基部始终位于矿物土壤表面以下。附近未受干扰森林中的一项野外实验表明，在不损伤根或树冠的情况下，完全或部分去除凋落物不会导致这两种物种的子实体产生。我们得出的结论是，对于这两个真菌物种来说，大量同时出现的子实体需要与相关树木的损害和凋落物的大量减少同时发生。
