Marchbanks P A
Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1991;27(1):200-5.
In summary, adolescent pregnancy is a major public health problem. Although the magnitude of mortality is low, the magnitude of morbidity is enormous. Even though adolescent pregnancy rates have not increased in recent years, these rates remain high. The economic and psychosocial costs of adolescent pregnancy are staggering. Admittedly, adolescent pregnancy does not fit a conventional infectious disease model of an easily transmitted disease with a high potential for rapid spread. However, it is possible that role identification and behavior modeling could influence the occurrence of adolescent pregnancy in susceptible adolescents. Moreover, for many years public health authorities have acknowledged the critical significance of noninfectious causes of unnecessary mortality and morbidity. Very importantly, adolescent pregnancy is preventable. I agree strongly with Dr. Norr that the nursing profession is ideally suited to take a leadership role in community-based adolescent pregnancy prevention. Dr. Norr has stressed the important role of nurses in family planning clinics, school health, and nursing education. I would like to stress the important role of nurses in two additional specialty settings. First, I believe nurse researchers can make tremendous contributions to better characterize the distribution, determinants, and effective prevention of adolescent pregnancy. Second, because of their appreciation of community needs and their knowledge of community resources, I believe nurses in public health departments may be in the very best position to take a leadership role in community-based prevention of pregnancy among adolescents. In closing, I commend Dr. Norr on her thoughtful review. The need to initiate and augment community action to prevent adolescent pregnancy is compelling.
总之，青少年怀孕是一个重大的公共卫生问题。尽管死亡率较低，但发病率却很高。近年来，青少年怀孕率虽未上升，但仍居高不下。青少年怀孕所带来的经济和心理社会成本惊人。诚然，青少年怀孕并不符合传统的传染病模式，即一种易于传播且有迅速传播高潜力的疾病。然而，角色认同和行为示范有可能影响易感青少年中青少年怀孕的发生。此外，多年来公共卫生当局已认识到非传染性因素对不必要的死亡率和发病率的关键意义。非常重要的是，青少年怀孕是可预防的。我强烈赞同诺尔博士的观点，即护理专业非常适合在基于社区的青少年怀孕预防中发挥领导作用。诺尔博士强调了护士在计划生育诊所、学校卫生和护理教育中的重要作用。我想强调护士在另外两个专业领域的重要作用。首先，我认为护士研究人员能够为更好地描述青少年怀孕的分布、决定因素和有效预防做出巨大贡献。其次，由于公共卫生部门的护士了解社区需求并知晓社区资源，我认为他们最有能力在基于社区的青少年怀孕预防中发挥领导作用。最后，我赞扬诺尔博士进行了深思熟虑的综述。开展并加强社区行动以预防青少年怀孕的需求迫在眉睫。
