International Atomic Energy Agency, Division of Human Health, Vienna, Austria.
Eur J Radiol. 2010 Oct;76(1):11-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.032. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
Dosimetry is an area of increasing importance in diagnostic radiology. There is a realisation amongst health professionals that the radiation dose received by patients from modern X-ray examinations and procedures can be at a level of significance for the induction of cancer across a population, and in some unfortunate instances, in the acute damage to particular body organs such as skin and eyes. The formulation and measurement procedures for diagnostic radiology dosimetry have recently been standardised through an international code of practice which describes the methodologies necessary to address the diverging imaging modalities used in diagnostic radiology. Common to all dosimetry methodologies is the measurement of the air kerma from the X-ray device under defined conditions. To ensure the accuracy of the dosimetric determination, such measurements need to be made with appropriate instrumentation that has a calibration that is traceable to a standards laboratory. Dosimetric methods are used in radiology departments for a variety of purposes including the determination of patient dose levels to allow examinations to be optimized and to assist in decisions on the justification of examination choices. Patient dosimetry is important for special cases such as for X-ray examinations of children and pregnant patients. It is also a key component of the quality control of X-ray equipment and procedures.
剂量学在诊断放射学中变得越来越重要。卫生专业人员已经意识到，现代 X 射线检查和程序会使患者接受的辐射剂量达到引发人群癌症的水平，在某些不幸的情况下，还会对皮肤和眼睛等特定身体器官造成急性损伤。通过一项国际实践准则，诊断放射学剂量学的制定和测量程序最近得到了标准化，该准则描述了解决诊断放射学中使用的不同成像方式所必需的方法。所有剂量学方法的共同点是在规定条件下测量 X 射线设备的空气比释动能。为了确保剂量测定的准确性，需要使用具有可追溯到标准实验室的校准的适当仪器进行此类测量。放射科部门使用剂量学方法有多种用途，包括确定患者的剂量水平，以优化检查并协助做出检查选择的正当性决策。患者剂量学对于特殊情况（例如儿童和孕妇的 X 射线检查）很重要。它也是 X 射线设备和程序质量控制的关键组成部分。
