Davidson W R, Kellogg F E, Doster G L, Moore C T
Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
J Wildl Dis. 1991 Apr;27(2):185-205. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.185.
Examination of 700 northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), 50 each February from 1971 through 1984, from Tall Timbers Research Station, Leon County, Florida, disclosed 15 species of helminth parasites. Nine species (Raillietina cesticillus, R. colinia, Aproctella stoddardi, Cheilospirura spinosa, Cyrnea colini, Dispharynx nasuta, Heterakis isolonche, Tetrameres pattersoni, and Trichostrongylus tenuis) generally were found on an annual basis and were considered characteristic components of the helminth fauna. Infrequently found species were Brachylecithum nanum, Rhabdometra odiosa, Capillaria sp., Gongylonema ingluvicola, H. gallinarum, and Oxyspirura matogrosensis. Intensities of C. colini and H. isolonche differed among host sex and age classes, and prevalences and/or intensities of A. stoddardi, C. spinosa, T. pattersoni, and T. tenuis differed between host age classes. Prevalences and/or abundances of seven species (R. cesticillus, R. colinia, C. spinosa, C. colini, H. isolonche, T. pattersoni, and T. tenuis) varied with bobwhite density, apparently because bobwhites were either the primary or only definitive host on the area. Two species (A. stoddardi and D. nasuta) did not vary with bobwhite density, apparently due to the buffering effect of a broad range of definitive hosts on the area. Prevalences and/or intensities of R. colinia, C. spinosa, and T. tenuis differed with agricultural fields status (cultivated versus fallow) suggesting that land use and its attendant habitat changes influenced transmission of these species. The occurrence of C. spinosa and T. pattersoni in individual bobwhites was not independent and was attributed to utilization of the same species of grasshoppers as intermediate hosts. Localized tissue damage and inflammation were associated with A. stoddardi, D. nasuta, C. spinosa, C. colini and T. pattersoni. Decreases in body weight in juvenile bobwhites were associated with increasing intensities of H. isolonche and T. tenuis. The observed relationships to bobwhite density and other variables are discussed with regard to known aspects of life histories of the nine most common species.
对来自佛罗里达州利昂县塔尔蒂姆bers研究站的700只北部 bobwhites（弗吉尼亚灌丛鹑）进行检查，从1971年至1984年每年2月检查50只，共发现15种蠕虫寄生虫。9种（鸡瑞利绦虫、灌丛鹑瑞利绦虫、斯托达德无尾感器线虫、具刺唇旋线虫、灌丛鹑环咽线虫、鼻双咽线虫、孤立异刺线虫、帕特森四棱线虫和纤细毛圆线虫）通常每年都会被发现，被认为是蠕虫动物区系的典型组成部分。不常见的物种有微小短盘吸虫、恶臭横纹吸虫、毛细线虫属、嗉囊筒线虫、鸡异刺线虫和马托格罗索尖旋线虫。灌丛鹑环咽线虫和孤立异刺线虫的感染强度在宿主性别和年龄组之间存在差异，而斯托达德无尾感器线虫、具刺唇旋线虫、帕特森四棱线虫和纤细毛圆线虫的感染率和/或感染强度在宿主年龄组之间存在差异。7种（鸡瑞利绦虫、灌丛鹑瑞利绦虫、具刺唇旋线虫、灌丛鹑环咽线虫、孤立异刺线虫、帕特森四棱线虫和纤细毛圆线虫）的感染率和/或丰度随灌丛鹑密度而变化，显然是因为灌丛鹑是该地区的主要或唯一终末宿主。两种（斯托达德无尾感器线虫和鼻双咽线虫）不随灌丛鹑密度变化，显然是由于该地区广泛的终末宿主的缓冲作用。灌丛鹑瑞利绦虫、具刺唇旋线虫和纤细毛圆线虫的感染率和/或感染强度随农田状况（耕种与休耕）而不同，这表明土地利用及其伴随的栖息地变化影响了这些物种的传播。具刺唇旋线虫和帕特森四棱线虫在个体灌丛鹑中的出现并非独立，这归因于它们利用同一种蚱蜢作为中间宿主。局部组织损伤和炎症与斯托达德无尾感器线虫、鼻双咽线虫、具刺唇旋线虫、灌丛鹑环咽线虫和帕特森四棱线虫有关。幼年灌丛鹑体重下降与孤立异刺线虫和纤细毛圆线虫感染强度增加有关。根据9种最常见物种生活史的已知方面，讨论了观察到的与灌丛鹑密度和其他变量的关系。
