The purpose of this paper was to make a brief review of the main problematics raised by depression in oncology in terms of prevalence, semiology, screening, risk, prognosis factors and treatment. This reflection was based on recent literature data obtained through a PubMed search. Depressive disorders have frequently been encountered in cancer patients. During routine oncology daily care, depression screening, assessment and treatment are of paramount importance regarding psychosocial management. Depressive elements have a tremendous impact on the quality of life, tolerance and compliance with anticancer treatment. Moreover, depression morbidity and its possible influence on prognosis represent an important challenge in terms of prevention. A specific semiology for depressive disorders in the oncologic field might be more relevant with practical clinical implications. Optimal care of these mood disorders have to be implemented as soon as possible and be supported by the association of pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy.