Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 Sep;73(6):1456-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.020. Epub 2010 Aug 2.
The biological effects of a class of oxygenated imidazolium ionic liquids were studied in comparison with alkyl imidazolium salts (BMIM BF4 and BMIM N(CN)2).The cellular and subcellular effects were evaluated on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell lines, through MTT test, lactate dehydrogenase release and acetylcholinesterase inhibition; the eco-toxicological responses were assessed through the acute toxicity tests towards Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. The introduction of ethoxy moieties in the lateral chain of imidazolium cations reduced the biological effects in all the tests. The acute toxicity towards D. magna was not affected by the number of ethoxy units, but the crustacean seemed to be sensitive to the type of anion; on the contrary, a further addition of ethoxy moieties increased the toxicity towards V. fischeri, M(OE)4MIM N(CN)2 being the most toxic oxygenated ionic liquid. In the cytotoxicity assays the salts with oxygenated cations resulted ineffective compared to BMIMs, independently from the anion and the number of ethoxy units in the lateral chain. In order to estimate the influence on membrane fluidity, an analysis of fluorescence anisotropy was done and it indicated that BMIM BF4, the most toxic ionic liquid among the tested ones, led to a destabilization of the model membranes at any molarity.
研究了一类含氧咪唑鎓离子液体与烷基咪唑鎓盐（BMIM BF4 和 BMIM N(CN)2）的生物学效应。通过 MTT 试验、乳酸脱氢酶释放和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制，评估了这些盐对大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤 PC12 细胞系的细胞和亚细胞效应；通过对大型溞和发光菌的急性毒性试验评估了生态毒性反应。在咪唑鎓阳离子的侧链中引入乙氧基降低了所有测试中的生物学效应。对大型溞的急性毒性不受乙氧基单元数的影响，但甲壳类动物似乎对阴离子的类型敏感；相反，进一步增加乙氧基单元的数量会增加对发光菌的毒性，其中 M(OE)4MIM N(CN)2 是最毒的含氧离子液体。在细胞毒性试验中，与 BMIMs 相比，含氧化阳离子的盐无论阴离子和侧链中的乙氧基单元数如何，都没有效果。为了估计对膜流动性的影响，进行了荧光各向异性分析，结果表明，在任何摩尔浓度下，测试中最毒的离子液体 BMIM BF4 都会导致模型膜的不稳定性。
