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J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Apr;29(2):122-9. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719825.
To evaluate the effects of fortified drinking water, with different concentrations of iron added, on hemoglobin and hematocrit values in preschoolers.
Double-blind, randomized cluster clinical trial, with children aged 2 to 5 years of age, from 4 state-run schools, forming 1 group for each school. For fortification, ferrous sulphate in concentrations of 5 mg of elemental iron per liter of water (group A), 7.5 mg (group B), and 10 mg (group C), was used during a period of 4 months. In group D, the control, a placebo (Bixa orellana) was added. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were checked before and after intervention.
Before fortification, hemoglobin and hematocrit averages were below the reference values adopted in all groups. After fortification, the prevalence of anemia showed a reduction in the 4 groups, which was more pronounced in group B, at 48.3%. The hemoglobin values in groups B (11.5) and C (11.4) were statistically similar. However, the average consumption of water/day/student was lower in group C. Comparison of hemoglobin values between groups A (11.2) and D (11.0) did not show a significant difference, suggesting insignificant efficacy with 5 mg Fe/L fortification.
The consumption of drinking water fortified with 7.5 mg of elemental iron/L water resulted in greater adhesion and an increase in hemoglobin values, with a reduction in the prevalence of anemia.
评估添加不同浓度铁的强化饮用水对学龄前儿童血红蛋白和血细胞比容值的影响。
双盲、随机群组临床试验，纳入年龄在 2 至 5 岁的儿童，来自 4 所国立学校，每所学校为一组。强化时，在水中添加 5 毫克元素铁/升（A 组）、7.5 毫克（B 组）和 10 毫克（C 组）的硫酸亚铁，持续 4 个月。在 D 组（对照组）中，添加安慰剂（胭脂树）。在干预前后检查血红蛋白和血细胞比容值。
强化前，所有组的血红蛋白和血细胞比容平均值均低于采用的参考值。强化后，4 组的贫血患病率均有所下降，B 组更为明显，为 48.3%。B 组（11.5）和 C 组（11.4）的血红蛋白值在统计学上相似。然而，C 组学生每天的平均饮水量较低。A 组（11.2）和 D 组（11.0）的血红蛋白值比较没有显著差异，表明 5 毫克铁/L 的强化效果不明显。
饮用添加 7.5 毫克元素铁/L 水的强化饮用水可提高黏附性并增加血红蛋白值，降低贫血患病率。
