de Farias Márcia Regina de Col, Rosa Antonia Maria, Hacon Sandra de Souza, de Castro Hermano Albuquerque, Ignotti Eliane
Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2010 Mar;13(1):49-57. doi: 10.1590/s1415-790x2010000100005.
To analyze the prevalence and symptoms of asthma in students of the Brazilian Amazon municipality of Alta Floresta-MT.
Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of asthma in 6 and 7 year-old children and 13 to 14 year-old adolescents, using the Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood - ISAAC method, phase I in 2007. Students who answered affirmatively question 2 - "presence of wheezing in the past 12 months" were considered asthmatic.
Of the total 2,071 students, 1,072 (51.7%) were children and 999 (48.3%) were teenagers. The prevalence of asthma was 21.4% among schoolchildren, and 12.4% among adolescents (chi2 = 29.29; rho = 0.00). Children presented a higher prevalence than adolescents of the following asthma symptoms: wheezing sometime in life (49.9%), wheezing in the past 12 months (21.4%), 1 to 3 wheezing attacks in the past 12 months (16.4%), and dry cough at night (38.2%). Regarding physician-diagnosed asthma, no difference was observed between the two age groups, with a prevalence of around 6.0%. Male schoolchildren presented a higher prevalence of asthma, physician-diagnosed asthma and four or more wheezing episodes in the past 12 months (rho < 0.05). Male adolescents presented the highest prevalence of strong wheezing affecting speech (rho < 0.05).
Alta Floresta presents one of the highest prevalences of asthma in Latin America among schoolchildren in the 6 and 7 year-old age group.
分析巴西亚马孙州阿尔塔弗洛雷斯塔市6至7岁儿童及13至14岁青少年哮喘的患病率及症状。
采用儿童哮喘与过敏研究（ISAAC）方法第一阶段，对2007年6至7岁儿童和13至14岁青少年哮喘患病率进行横断面研究。对问题2“过去12个月内是否有喘息”回答为肯定的学生被视为哮喘患者。
在总共2071名学生中，1072名（51.7%）为儿童，999名（48.3%）为青少年。学龄儿童哮喘患病率为21.4%，青少年为12.4%（卡方=29.29；P=0.00）。儿童在以下哮喘症状方面的患病率高于青少年：一生中曾有喘息（49.9%）、过去12个月内有喘息（21.4%）、过去12个月内有1至3次喘息发作（16.4%）以及夜间干咳（38.2%）。关于医生诊断的哮喘，两个年龄组之间未观察到差异，患病率约为6.0%。男学龄儿童在哮喘、医生诊断的哮喘以及过去12个月内有四次或更多次喘息发作方面的患病率较高（P<0.05）。男青少年在严重喘息影响说话方面的患病率最高（P<0.05）。
在拉丁美洲，阿尔塔弗洛雷斯塔市6至7岁学龄儿童的哮喘患病率位居前列。
