Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
Theriogenology. 2010 Oct 15;74(7):1279-87. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.05.034. Epub 2010 Aug 5.
Farrowing is one of the most critical phases in pig production, as it has an impact on neonatal pig survival. Assessing the ease of farrowing can improve the management of sows and thus increase litter survival. The aims of this study were: 1) to develop an ease of farrowing score (EFS) in sows based on the behaviour of the sows and their piglets, and 2) to determine the relationship between the EFS and productive, physiological, and subjective parameters. Eighty hybrid (Large White × Landrace) sows from first to seventh parity housed in individual crates were used. An EFS was constructed using the total duration of farrowing, the birth interval, the total time standing or sitting, the number of position changes during the day before and the day of farrowing, the sow posture at birth, the viability and the position of the piglets at birth (head or back born). Moreover, rectal temperature at 90 min after farrowing, a four categorical subjective visual assessment (VA) of farrowing and litter size (piglets born alive, stillborn and mummified foetus) were recorded. A common factor analysis model yielded five factors with an eigenvalue higher than 0.95 that accounted for 75.05% of the total variation between individuals. The three main factors were "farrowing duration", "sow posture", and "sow activity" of sows and explained 23.44%, 15.67%, and 14.23% of the variance, respectively. Primiparous sows had higher values for factor 3 (sow activity) than multiparous sows (P = 0.02). Sows without stillborn or mummification foetus showed higher values of EFS than sows with at least one stillborn or mummification foetus (P = 0.06 and 0.01, respectively). Sows that received a visual assessment of 3 and 4 showed higher values of EFS than sows that received a VA of 1 and 2 (P = 0.0017). The EFS appears to be a good behavioural scale to measure ease of farrowing in sows kept in individual farrowing crates. Duration of farrowing, sow position, and presence of stillborn piglets and mummified foetuses appear to be important ease of farrowing indicators.
分娩是猪生产中最重要的阶段之一，因为它对新生仔猪的存活率有影响。评估分娩的难易程度可以改善母猪的管理，从而提高产仔数的存活率。本研究的目的是：1）基于母猪及其仔猪的行为，为母猪制定一个易于分娩评分（EFS）；2）确定 EFS 与生产、生理和主观参数之间的关系。本研究使用了 80 头杂交（大白猪×长白猪）母猪，这些母猪初产到第七胎，单独饲养在产仔箱中。EFS 通过分娩总时长、产仔间隔、母猪站立或坐立总时长、分娩前一天和当天的位置变化次数、母猪分娩时的姿势、仔猪的活力和出生位置（头位或臀位）来构建。此外，还记录了分娩后 90 分钟的直肠温度、分娩的主观视觉评估（VA）的四个分类以及产仔数（活产仔猪、死胎和木乃伊化胎仔）。一个共同因素分析模型得出了五个特征值高于 0.95 的因子，这些因子占个体之间总变异的 75.05%。三个主要因子是母猪的“分娩持续时间”、“母猪姿势”和“母猪活动”，分别解释了 23.44%、15.67%和 14.23%的变异。初产母猪的因子 3（母猪活动）值高于经产母猪（P = 0.02）。没有死胎或木乃伊化胎仔的母猪的 EFS 值高于至少有一个死胎或木乃伊化胎仔的母猪（P = 0.06 和 0.01）。VA 为 3 和 4 的母猪的 EFS 值高于 VA 为 1 和 2 的母猪（P = 0.0017）。EFS 似乎是一种很好的行为量表，可以衡量在单独产仔箱中饲养的母猪的分娩难易程度。分娩持续时间、母猪位置以及死胎和木乃伊化胎仔的存在似乎是重要的分娩难易程度指标。
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