Martínez-Burnes Julio, Muns Ramon, Barrios-García Hugo, Villanueva-García Dina, Domínguez-Oliva Adriana, Mota-Rojas Daniel
Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co Down BT26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Oct 14;11(10):2960. doi: 10.3390/ani11102960.
Parturition is a complex physiological process and involves many hormonal, morphological, physiological, and behavioural changes. Labour is a crucial moment for numerous species and is usually the most painful experience in females. Contrary to the extensive research in humans, there are limited pain studies associated with the birth process in domestic animals. Nonetheless, awareness of parturition has increased among the public, owners, and the scientific community during recent years. Dystocia is a significant factor that increases the level of parturition pain. It is considered less common in polytocous species because newborns' number and small size might lead to the belief that the parturition process is less painful than in monotocous animal species and humans. This review aims to provide elements of the current knowledge about human labour pain (monotocous species), the relevant contribution of the rat model to human labour pain, and the current clinical and experimental knowledge of parturition pain mechanisms in domestic animals that support the fact that domestic polytocous species also experience pain. Moreover, both for women and domestic animal species, parturition's pain represents a potential welfare concern, and information on pain indicators and the appropriate analgesic therapy are discussed.
分娩是一个复杂的生理过程，涉及许多激素、形态、生理和行为变化。分娩对许多物种来说都是一个关键时刻，通常是雌性动物最痛苦的经历。与对人类的广泛研究相反，关于家畜分娩过程的疼痛研究有限。尽管如此，近年来公众、动物主人和科学界对分娩的认识有所提高。难产是增加分娩疼痛程度的一个重要因素。人们认为在多胎动物物种中难产不太常见，因为新生儿数量多且体型小，这可能导致人们认为分娩过程比单胎动物物种和人类的痛苦要小。这篇综述旨在提供有关人类分娩疼痛（单胎物种）的现有知识要素、大鼠模型对人类分娩疼痛的相关贡献，以及家畜分娩疼痛机制的当前临床和实验知识，以支持多胎家畜物种也会经历疼痛这一事实。此外，对于女性和家畜物种而言，分娩疼痛都代表着一个潜在的福利问题，文中还讨论了疼痛指标和适当镇痛疗法的相关信息。
